AAKOM

Direct recording shows brain signal active even in dreamless sleep

2010-04-07T12:27:00.002+01:00

Neuroscientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have taken one of the first direct looks at one of the human brain's most fundamental "foundations": a brain signal that never switches off and may support many cognitive functions. The results, appearing online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, are an important step forward for efforts to outline what neuroscientists call the functional architecture of the brain. Better understanding of this architecture will aid efforts to treat brain injury and mental disorders.

Although the brain's different specialized regions can be considered as a collection of physical structures, functional architecture instead focuses on metaphorical structures formed by brain processes and interactions among different brain regions. The "foundation" highlighted in the new study is a low-frequency signal created by neuronal activity throughout the brain. This signal doesn't switch off even in dreamless sleep, possibly to help maintain basic structure and facilitate offline housekeeping activities.

"A different, more labile and higher-frequency signal known as the gamma frequency activity has been the focus of much brain research in recent years," says first author Biyu He, a graduate student. "But we found that signal loses its large-scale structure in deep sleep, while the low-frequency signal does not, suggesting that the low-frequency signal may be more fundamental."

"What we've been finding is reorienting the way we think about how the brain works," says senior author Marcus Raichle, M.D., professor of radiology, of neurology and of neurobiology. "We're starting to see the brain as being in the prediction business, with ongoing, organized carrier frequencies within the systems of the brain that keep them prepared for the work they need to do to perform mental tasks."

Neurologists have already spent many years exploring the upper levels of the brain's functional architecture. In these studies, researchers typically ask volunteers to perform specific mental tasks as their brains are scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Such "goal-oriented" tasks might include looking for or studying a visual stimulus, moving an arm or leg, reading a word or listening for a sound. As the subjects perform these tasks, the scans reveal increases in blood flow to different parts of the brain, which researchers take as indications that the brain areas are contributing to the mental task.

In the past decade, though, scientists have realized that deeper structures underlie goal-oriented mental processes. These underlying brain processes continue to occur even when subjects aren't consciously using their brain to do anything, and the energies that the brain puts into them seem to be much greater than those used for goal-oriented tasks.

"The brain consumes a tremendous amount of the body's energy resources—it's only 2 percent of body weight, but it uses about 20 percent of the energy we take in," says Raichle. "When we started to ask where all those resources were being spent, we found that the goal-oriented tasks we had studied previously only accounted for a tiny portion of that energy budget. The rest appears to go into activities and processes that maintain a state of readiness in the brain."

To explore this deeper level of the brain's functional architecture, Raichle and others have been using fMRI to conduct detailed analyses of brain activity in subjects asked to do nothing. However, a nagging question has dogged those and other fMRI studies: Scientists assumed that increased blood flow to a part of the brain indicates that part has contributed to a mental task, but they wanted more direct evidence linking increased blood flow to stepped-up activity in brain cells.

In the new study, He and her colleagues took fMRI scans of five patients with intractable epilepsy at St. Louis Children's Hospital. The scans, during which the subjects did nothing, were taken prior to the temporary installation of grids of electrodes on the surfaces of the patients' brains. The level of detail provided by the grids is essential clinically for pinpointing the source of the seizures for possible surgical removal, a last resort employed only when other treatments failed.

Patients and their guardians gave permission to use the clinical data gathered from these electrodes for scientific research purposes. He's results confirmed that the fMRI data she had gathered earlier reflected changes in brain cell activity exhibited in the gamma frequency signal. But she also noticed the persistent low-frequency signal, which also corresponded to the fMRI data.

"When we looked back in the literature, we found that a similar signal had been the subject of a great deal of animal research using implanted electrodes in the 1960s through the 1980s," she says. "There were suggestions, for example, that when this low-frequency signal, which fluctuates persistently, is in a low trough, the brain may handle mental tasks more effectively."

"What we've shown provides a bridge between the fMRI work many scientists are doing now and the earlier work involving electrical recordings from the brain that emphasized slow activity," says He. "Bringing those two fields together may give us some very interesting insights into the brain's organization and function."

Direct recording shows brain signal persists even in dreamless sleep.

Are Vision and Consciousness Intimately Related?

2010-04-06T06:40:00.002+01:00

In my article on brain waves and consciousness I looked at some research associating gamma wave activity with consciousness. This is, however, a controversial area in that other researchers have found that such gamma activity is also correlated with eye movements known as saccades: these are the small eye movements that the brain edits out so that we do not perceive the world as a blur as we switch focus. So, are brain gamma waves merely a byproduct of saccadic movements or are they correlated with consciousness or, potentially, both?

You can follow the relevant articles and the subsequent discussions at Neuron. Also an article Developing Intelligence blog.

Are Vision and Consciousness Intimately Related?

IS RELIGION NATURAL? ESSSAT Conference

2010-03-28T17:49:00.001+01:00

IS RELIGION NATURAL?

The European Society for the Study of Science And Theology (ESSSAT)
& The Science Religion Forum (SRF)
present the
XIIIth European Conference on Science and Theology, Edinburgh, UK,
April 7-11, 2010

The conference is hosted by The School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh

Under the title Is Religion Natural?, this conference will explore the drives underlying the religious attitude of mind. In five invited lectures, theologians from different backgrounds, and scientific researchers at the forefront of 21st century studies of the religious mind, will jointly engage with that question. Justin Barrett (Cognitive Psychology, Oxford), author of Why would anyone believe in God?, and Ilkka Pyysiäinen (Comparative Religion, Helsinki), author of Magic, Miracles and Religion and How Religion Works, will present cutting-edge scientific viewpoints on the nature of religious thinking. Mona Siddiqui (Islamic Studies, Glasgow) (How to Read the Qur’an) and Christoph Schwöbel (Systematic Theology, Tübingen) (God: Action and Revelation and Persons, Divine and Human, together with several books in German) will consider the conference theme from their contrasting theological perspectives. And Lluis Oviedo (Theological Anthropology, Rome), whose writings in Spanish and Italian include La fe cristiana ante los nuevos desafios sociales ("Christian Faith confronting the New Social Challenges"), will ask whether - or in what way - it is appropriate to try to naturalise religion. There will also be ample opportunity during the meeting for the presentation of short papers by conference participants.

Transient Induced Gamma-Band Response in EEG as a Manifestation of Miniature Saccades

2010-03-28T15:50:00.002+01:00

The induced gamma-band EEG response (iGBR) recorded on the scalp is widely assumed to reflect synchronous neural oscillation associated with object representation, attention, memory, and consciousness. The most commonly reported EEG iGBR is a broadband transient increase in power at the gamma range 200–300 ms following stimulus onset. A conspicuous feature of this iGBR is the trial-to-trial poststimulus latency variability, which has been insufficiently addressed. Here, we show, using single-trial analysis of concomitant EEG and eye tracking, that this iGBR is tightly time locked to the onset of involuntary miniature eye movements and reflects a saccadic “spike potential.” The time course of the iGBR is related to an increase in the rate of saccades following a period of poststimulus saccadic inhibition. Thus, whereas neuronal gamma-band oscillations were shown conclusively with other methods, the broadband transient iGBR recorded by scalp EEG reflects properties of miniature saccade dynamics rather than neuronal oscillations.

Transient Induced Gamma-Band Response in EEG as a Manifestation of Miniature Saccades

The above link to the article also has links to the exchanges that followed about whether gamma waves as recorded by EEG are intimately linked to consciousness or results of electrical signals from microsaccades, or possibly both.

Center for Investigating Healthy Minds

2010-03-17T16:59:00.000Z

Welcome to the Center for Investigating Healthy Minds

I know, this sounds like a New Age flake factory... but it isn't.

Located within the Waisman Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, we are a research Center dedicated to creating a world in which healthy qualities of mind flourish. The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, through hard-nosed basic and translational scientific research, will help to pave the way toward more widespread incorporation of methods and practices to nourish positive qualities of mind throughout society. The work and research of this Center are at the forefront of the scientific and scholarly communities, and have led to the development of a new hybrid discipline – contemplative neuroscience. In a global era where individuals, communities and the world are reconnecting with the pursuit of happiness, well-being and contentment and seeking innovative and mindful solutions to achieve it, the Center offers facts about interventions and methods grounded both in research and the wisdom of contemplative traditions.

They even have Einstein sounding like Gautama Buddha.

"A human being is part of the whole, called by us 'universe,' a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings, as something separate from the rest -- a kind of optical delusion of consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty."
- Albert Einstein, 1921

The director, Richard Davidson, has already done research on the brainwaves of Tibetan monks in meditation, so will be interesting to see what they do next.

Is This How Brain Waves And Neurons Create Consciousness?

2010-03-16T07:31:00.000Z

This is a controversial issue, but some light is starting to be shone in this direction. Many neuroscientists assume that the electric fields generated by neurons are too weak to have any effect on their neighbours. However, recent research (Radman et al., 2007) has shown that weak electric fields (<5 V/m) within a broad spectrum of operating brain frequencies affect the firing properties of individual neurons. The researchers show that the nonlinear properties of an individual neuron can 'amplify' the effects of such small fields, effectively 'resonating' with the extracellular field. [...]

The researchers are thus fully aware of the importance of their findings in that they provide a framework within which others can develop neuro-therapies, as well as for researchers looking at the effects of environmental electromagnetic radiation. Add to that the not insignificant contribution to how the brain really functions! So much so that an open letter is appended to the research paper by David M. Alexander, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan. "As reported by Massimini et al. (2004), slow-wave sleep EEG has been shown to take the form of a global spatio-temporal wave. Such waves are able to act as an 'external' source of electric fields to individual minicolumns in the cortex. There is now sufficient evidence to outline the case that large-scale electrical field dynamics do indeed play a causal role in brain activity, and to propose confirmatory experiments." The letter is also interesting in that it lists other papers that add weight to the Radman experiments, one paper going all the way back to 1984. Alexander sounds like a converted skeptic as he also quotes:"our [Radman et al.] results challenge the common view that extracellular slow potential oscillations represent mere epiphenomena without physiological significance per se."

Is This How Brain Waves And Neurons Create Consciousness?

Spike Timing Amplifies the Effect of Electric Fields on Neurons: Implications for Endogenous Field Effects

2010-03-16T05:58:00.000Z

Despite compelling phenomenological evidence that small electricfields (<5 mV/mm) can affect brain function, a quantitativeand experimentally verified theory is currently lacking. Herewe demonstrate a novel mechanism by which the nonlinear propertiesof single neurons "amplify" the effect of small electric fields:when concurrent to suprathreshold synaptic input, small electricfields can have significant effects on spike timing. For low-frequencyfields, our theory predicts a linear dependency of spike timingchanges on field strength. For high-frequency fields (relativeto the synaptic input), the theory predicts coherent firing,with mean firing phase and coherence each increasing monotonicallywith field strength. Importantly, in both cases, the effectsof fields on spike timing are amplified with decreasing synapticinput slope and increased cell susceptibility (millivolt membranepolarization per field amplitude). We confirmed these predictionsexperimentally using CA1 hippocampal neurons in vitro exposedto static (direct current) and oscillating (alternating current)uniform electric fields. In addition, we develop a robust methodto quantify cell susceptibility using spike timing. Our resultsprovide a precise mechanism for a functional role of endogenousfield oscillations (e.g., gamma) in brain function and introducea framework for considering the effects of environmental fieldsand design of low-intensity therapeutic neurostimulation technologies.

COMPILATION OF THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BODY TISSUES AT RF AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES

2010-03-14T11:32:00.000Z

Recent developments in the field of electromagnetic dosimetry have produced high resolution anatomically correct man and animal models from medical imaging data for use in numerical simulation exercises. The level of details is such that over 30 tissue types can be identified. The application of such models require that dielectric properties be allocated to the various tissues at all the frequencies to which the model is exposed. There is, as yet, no consensus on the dielectric data. This project is geared towards this objective. The following has been achieved in the period covered by this report:

    * Three experimental techniques were used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Over 20 tissue types were measured over the full frequency range and over 10 others measured down to 1 MHz only.
    * Internal consistency between the three sets of data was demonstrated in the overlapping frequency regions. When measurements are made on the same sample throughout, the agreement between data sets is particularly good.
    * A comprehensive survey of dielectric data published over more than 45 years has been carried out and presented for comparison purposes. The data obtained in the course of this study fall well within the vast body of literature data where available and bridges the gaps within it.
    * To facilitate the incorporation of the dielectric data in numerical solutions, their frequency dependence was modelled to a spectrum characterised by 4 dispersion regions. This model was successfully applied to the new experimental data.
    * Finally, the conductivity of tissues below 100 Hz was estimated from the recent measurements mitigated by data from the literature and used to estimate the conductivity of the whole body and of various body parts.

The work is briefly described in this report, the data are presented in graphical and tabular format in Appendices A to D.

=

The vast majority of the data is not from in vivo sources, but rather from dead flesh, hence fairly useless in terms of the biological interactions with emf and any resonance properties.

http://www.emfdosimetry.org/dielectric/Report/Report.html

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: a systematic review of provocation studies.

2010-03-14T10:44:00.000Z

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: a systematic review of provocation studies.

Rubin GJ, Das Munshi J, Wessely S.

Mobile Phones Research Unit, Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, UK. g.rubin@iop.kcl.ac.uk

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess whether people who report hypersensitivity to weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are better at detecting EMF under blind or double-blind conditions than nonhypersensitive individuals, and to test whether they respond to the presence of EMF with increased symptom reporting. METHODS: An extensive systematic search was used to identify relevant blind or double-blind provocation studies. This involved searching numerous literature databases and conference proceedings, and examining the citations of reviews and included studies. The results of relevant studies were tabulated and metaanalyses were used to compare the proportions of "hypersensitive" and control participants able to discriminate active from sham EMF exposures. RESULTS: Thirty-one experiments testing 725 "electromagnetically hypersensitive" participants were identified. Twenty-four of these found no evidence to support the existence of a biophysical hypersensitivity, whereas 7 reported some supporting evidence. For 2 of these 7, the same research groups subsequently tried and failed to replicate their findings. In 3 more, the positive results appear to be statistical artefacts. The final 2 studies gave mutually incompatible results. Our metaanalyses found no evidence of an improved ability to detect EMF in "hypersensitive" participants. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms described by "electromagnetic hypersensitivity" sufferers can be severe and are sometimes disabling. However, it has proved difficult to show under blind conditions that exposure to EMF can trigger these symptoms. This suggests that "electromagnetic hypersensitivity" is unrelated to the presence of EMF, although more research into this phenomenon is required.

Read original paper online.

Selflessness, core of all major world religions, has neuropsychological connection

2010-02-25T14:13:00.000Z

All spiritual experiences are based in the brain. That statement is truer than ever before, according to a University of Missouri neuropsychologist. An MU study has data to support a neuropsychological model that proposes spiritual experiences associated with selflessness are related to decreased activity in the right parietal lobe of the brain. The study is one of the first to use individuals with traumatic brain injury to determine this connection. Researchers say the implication of this connection means people in many disciplines, including peace studies, health care or religion can learn different ways to attain selflessness, to experience transcendence, and to help themselves and others. This study, along with other recent neuroradiological studies of Buddhist meditators and Francescan nuns, suggests that all individuals, regardless of cultural background or religion, experience the same neuropsychological functions during spiritual experiences, such as transcendence. Transcendence, feelings of universal unity and decreased sense of self, is a core tenet of all major religions. Meditation and prayer are the primary vehicles by which such spiritual transcendence is achieved.

"The brain functions in a certain way during spiritual experiences," said Brick Johnstone, professor of health psychology in the MU School of Health Professions. "We studied people with brain injury and found that people with injuries to the right parietal lobe of the brain reported higher levels of spiritual experiences, such as transcendence."

This link is important, Johnstone said, because it means selflessness can be learned by decreasing activity in that part of the brain. He suggests this can be done through conscious effort, such as meditation or prayer. People with these selfless spiritual experiences also are more psychologically healthy, especially if they have positive beliefs that there is a God or higher power who loves them, Johnstone said.

"This research also addresses questions regarding the impact of neurologic versus cultural factors on spiritual experience," Johnstone said. "The ability to connect with things beyond the self, such as transcendent experiences, seems to occur for people who minimize right parietal functioning. This can be attained through cultural practices, such as intense meditation or prayer or because of a brain injury that impairs the functioning of the right parietal lobe. Either way, our study suggests that 'selflessness' is a neuropsychological foundation of spiritual experiences."

The research was funded by the MU Center on Religion and the Professions. The study – "Support for a neuropsychological model of spirituality in persons with traumatic brain injury" – was published in the peer-reviewed journal Zygon.

"Our research focused on the personal experience of spiritual transcendence and does not in any way minimize the importance of religion or personal beliefs, nor does it suggest that spiritual experience are related only to neuropsychological activity in the brain," Johnstone said. "It is important to note that individuals experience their God or higher power in many different ways, but that all people from all religions and beliefs appear to experience these connections in a similar way."

Selective brain damage modulates human spirituality

2010-02-24T13:57:00.000Z

New research provides fascinating insight into brain changes that might underlie alterations in spiritual and religious attitudes. The study, published by Cell Press in the February 11 issue of the journal Neuron, explores the neural basis of spirituality by studying patients before and after surgery to remove a brain tumor. Although it is well established that all behaviors and experiences, spiritual or otherwise, must originate in the brain, true empirical exploration of the neural underpinnings of spirituality has been challenging. However, recent advances in neuroscience have started to make the complex mental processes associated with religion and spirituality more accessible.

"Neuroimaging studies have linked activity within a large network in the brain that connects the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortexes with spiritual experiences, but information on the causative link between such a network and spirituality is lacking," explains lead study author, Dr. Cosimo Urgesi from the University of Udine in Italy.

Dr. Urgesi and colleagues were interested in making a direct link between brain activity and spirituality. They focused specifically on the personality trait called self-transcendence (ST), which is thought to be a measure of spiritual feeling, thinking, and behaviors in humans. ST reflects a decreased sense of self and an ability to identify one's self as an integral part of the universe as a whole.

The researchers combined analysis of ST scores obtained from brain tumor patients before and after they had surgery to remove their tumor, with advanced techniques for mapping the exact location of the brain lesions after surgery. "This approach allowed us to explore the possible changes of ST induced by specific brain lesions and the causative role played by frontal, temporal, and parietal structures in supporting interindividual differences in ST," says researcher Dr. Franco Fabbro from the University of Udine.

The group found that selective damage to the left and right posterior parietal regions induced a specific increase in ST. "Our symptom-lesion mapping study is the first demonstration of a causative link between brain functioning and ST," offers Dr. Urgesi. "Damage to posterior parietal areas induced unusually fast changes of a stable personality dimension related to transcendental self-referential awareness. Thus, dysfunctional parietal neural activity may underpin altered spiritual and religious attitudes and behaviors."

These results may even lead to new strategies for treating some forms of mental illness. "If a stable personality trait like ST can undergo fast changes as a consequence of brain lesions, it would indicate that at least some personality dimensions may be modified by influencing neural activity in specific areas," suggests Dr. Salvatore M. Aglioti from Sapienza University of Rome. "Perhaps novel approaches aimed at modulating neural activity might ultimately pave the way to new treatments of personality disorders."

Hedonism and the Good Life Machine

2009-10-30T03:50:00.002Z

Hedonism has a bad press. The pursuit of pleasure is still seen as falling short of the pinnacle of human development. If you feel good then you're probably doing something bad; and if you feel like crap then it's probably good for you. This could be thought of as the eternal play of yin and yang, or the masochistic philosophy of a moralising miserable sod. But let's set aside gods and sods and focus on our experience. If we seek pleasure and avoid pain then there is a sense in which pleasure is good and pain is bad. A good life is thus a life of pleasure.

Professor Sally Haslanger starts her MIT course on Moral Problems and the Good Life with a brief look at Hedonism. I wrote some time ago about Epicurus and the pitfall of coating words in our own sentiments. Epicurean hedonism is ultimately an idealist triptych of friendship, freedom and contemplation - more coenobite than sybarite. For Epicurus, if pleasure is followed by pain then that particular pleasure was an illusion leading us away from a truly good life.

But once we start making categories and lists there arises one obvious question: can we quantify the pursuit of happiness? Is there a mathematics for the pleasure principle? Jeremy Bentham thought there could be and set about creating a mathematical model he named the hedonic calculus. You can see the bare bones of it at the lecture notes, with a link o further analysis.

The idea of being able to calculate our reactions to the future is not new. This is somewhat the role astrology plays in many people's lives. Astrology is a complex system as it has to manage the complexity of human experiences. But just because two systems are complex does not mean that they have the same complexity - a car engine and a nuclear reactor are both complex but you wouldn't wish to swap them. The success of experts in cold reading techniques illustrates that the artifice of astrology is not necessary in creating a system of correspondences.

This calculus of the good life is not a predictor of future events but rather a diagnosis of our emotional reactions to such events - our feel-good factor. As with astrology, such a system becomes complex rather quickly thus giving rise to the same question as to whether it is a true representation of human reactions.

Let us for the moment leave Jeremy Bentham playing with his hedonic calculus and zoom out a bit. The thrust of the argument here is that what is important is not so much what actually happens to us but rather our experience of it. James feels happy because he has had a rise in pay; Mark is disappointed because he was expecting more.

Nozick would like to kick this argument into touch with a thought experiment. Imagine there exists a machine that could simulate the best possible life you could have. Would you want to be plugged in to it? You would experience the fulfillment of your highest ambitions; you would love and be loved every day; you would both give and receive everything you ever wanted. Welcome to your Utopia. But the aim of the thought experiment is for you to say: No! I don't want an artificial utopia, give me back my miserable life!! Really?!

What the philosopher would like you to consider is that a life of great feelings is not as good as a great life. This sounds good but hides an age-old assumption that there is a really real life somewhere of which our experiences are just theatre. A simulation of this theatre is thus two steps removed from the really real reality!

But the list of things important to the lecturer seems to show many that are purely emotional rather than material. What she seems to be saying is that a good life is not a feel-good life but a do-good life. But can we do something without experiencing it? And if we experience it do we then assume we have actually done it? I shall leave this line of thought ajar.

I do, however, have a problem here with Nozick, in that if a simulation is good - and we're here talking about a thought experiment, not what's technologically feasible - then it would be indistinguishable from reality. We all have simulations we run every night: we call them dreams. We could lead a very good life in our dreams. We can even be conscious in our dreams. The experiences in our dreams are as valid as in our waking life. Just as we wake up and recall the dream as a dream, the Experience Machine only becomes a simulation after we are unplugged. But what if we never wake up?

Just as it is possible to be conscious of our dreams during our dreams it may also be possible to be conscious that our machine simulation is a simulation. In this case it would be true that a simulated good life would not be the same as a really good life. This, however, gets into neurology. Certain parts of the brain are shut down during sleep so that dreams can take place without putting the unguarded body in danger. The dream thus simulates our senses without stimulating our sense organs - or at least most of them. The idea of an Experience Machine therefore needs to be more subtle and exact: is it stimulating our senses or simulating the sense experiences? The experience of dreams is that a person can become aware that there is a difference.

Is the Experience Machine a Simulated Reality or a Stimulated Reality? And would you want to be experienced?

Brain Images of Belief and Disbelief

2009-08-11T12:16:00.002+01:00

A pioneering study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to look at which regions of the brain are activated when deciding on statements that are true or false. The subjects were given a set of questions that were obviously either true (belief), false (disbelief) or undecidable (uncertainty). Although higher cognitive functions are involved in establishing the truth-value of a proposition, the actual acceptance of that proposition as either true or false is also intimately linked to more primitive areas involved in more emotional responses. A person's beliefs may well be an aesthetic response rather than a rational one.

Functional Neuroimaging of Belief, Disbelief and Uncertainty, by Sam Harris, Sameer A Sheth, and Mark S. Cohen, Annals of Neurology, 2008 [pdf].

Are NDEs signs of imminent death or not?

2009-06-18T11:21:00.001+01:00

"Features of "near-death experience" in relation to whether or not patients were near death" by J. E. Owens, E. W. Cook and I. Stevenson, The Lancet, vol 336.

This paper was written in 1990, so is not particularly new, however, as it seems widely available on the internet it is worth a summary of its findings. The increase in documented reports of near-death experiences has prompted an increase in scientific research. However, the obvious religious consequences of such glimpses into death means that it is often difficult to rely entirely on personal reports and it would be useful to have physiological and neurological data to gain insights into what is really going on.

For the moment, we are stuck with three competing views of the near-death experience: what the authors have called the transcendental, the physiological and the psychological. The distinction between the latter two seems to be a matter of which specialist is conducting the research, but for the purposes of this study they are important in that they distinguish between those people who were clinically close to death from those who merely thought they were dead or dying but who, from a medical standpoint, were actually not in any such danger.

Although this paper does not look at out of body experiences, there are many similarities between OBEs and NDEs and it is therefore important to find out if they are indeed the same phenomenon that manifests under different conditions.

From the medical data the 58 subjects were divided into two groups, with 30 patients deemed to have not been near death and the remaining 28 being in danger of dying. The research then looked at a number of experiences that characterise reports of NDEs. The most significant difference between the 'near-death' group and the other group was in the reports of lights and of enhanced cognitive functions, such as mental clarity, memory, speed of thought. The seemingly archetypal 'tunnel' experience was not significantly different between the two groups but was significantly skewed towards those who had also experienced a strong light.

Other experiences, such as that of being outside one's body (an OBE), memory flash-backs, a belief that one is dead or dying and the range of emotional responses were not significantly different between the two groups. Thus, the perception of one's own imminent death may be enough to trigger a NDE, even if the physiological data makes this unlikely. However, the depth of the NDE in terms of bright lights, enhanced mental functions, a tunnel and the overall positive experience did discriminate between those who were really close to death from those who were not.

In light of this the authors admit that on its own this study could not come out in favour of any of the three major interpretations of near-death experiences. Indeed, they seemed most puzzled by the enhanced cognitive abilities of those who should most probably have been experiencing some impairment in brain functioning.

Features of "near-death experience" in relation to whether or not patients were near death

The International Association for Near-Death Studies 2009 Conference

2009-06-17T14:30:00.002+01:00

Plans are under way for a mid-October IANDS conference in San Diego, California. Speakers interested in presenting must email a proposal to IANDS no later than July 3, 2009. The theme of the conference is “Transformed in the Light: Helping Humanity through Enhanced Abilities Following NDEs.” Tentative dates are October 16-17, 2009.

This page at the International Association for Near-Death Studies also has links to their past conferences, going back to 1993, with audio recordings available for purchase and download.

If you wish to attend the conference and want to keep up to date with the confirmed dates then you can subscribe to the IANDS free email newsletter.

International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS)

2009-06-17T11:30:00.001+01:00

The International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS) is the only membership organization in the world devoted exclusively to providing information about near-death and related experiences to experiencers, researchers, educators, health care providers, and the interested public.

IANDS’ purpose is to promote responsible, multi-disciplinary exploration of near-death and similar experiences, their effects on people’s lives, and their implications for beliefs about life, death, and human purpose. Where scholarship does not indicate a reasonably clear position on the origin or interpretation of these experiences, we remain impartial and open to the presentation of varying points of view; however, while all personal beliefs will be respected, IANDS is under no obligation to consider them all equally supportable. Whatever the viewpoint, IANDS never supports proselytizing.

IANDS provides information and support to caregivers and experiencers of NDEs. There is a network of support groups across the USA and worldwide, as well as a wealth of information on their website.

Out of Body Experience Research Foundation - OBERF

2009-06-17T10:04:00.002+01:00

The Out of Body Experience Research Foundation is part of a triad of websites that is designed to collect information on all aspects of consciousness. The main website is www.nderf.org which studies near-death experiences (NDE). The next website is www.adcrf.org which studies after-death communication (ADC). OBERF studies all other aspects of consciousness that are not an NDE or ADC.

OBERF includes articles on research about out of body experiences as well as techniques to induce OBEs. The largest part of the website is devoted to the forum and the sharing of out of body experiences. There are also links to further reading and related websites.

At Death's Door

2009-06-16T11:07:00.006+01:00

The image here is a poster for a new film called "At Death's Door" (Mati Suri).

What do you see in the image?

When Richard Wiseman posted this picture on Twitter he claims to have had a 'strange reaction', in that few people could initially flip between the two images - most could only see the one. He then copied a few more similar images and somehow this rather spoils the experiment as people are then trained into being able to see the optical illusion.

"At Death's Door" is a film about a woman's near death experience (NDE). Unfortunately, the film sits squarely inside the horror genre so that the NDE is frightening, leaving the woman depressed and disconsolate. There may be an element of moral retribution here for her attempted suicide. On the advice of a friend, she goes to recuperate in a sanatorium only to find it haunted with spirits. The only way she can save herself is to die again.

I have to admit a certain distaste for most horror films. They are simulations of fear without any instructive elements about how to deal with one's own horrors. I would guess most of us have had nightmares at some point in our lives. There are simple and effective ways to resolve such nightmares, leading to some catharsis or revelation. To indulge in ersatz nightmares is to leave oneself open and largely defenceless against the real thing. The film's 'second death' does, however, have a certain psychodramatic truth to it. I haven't seen the film as yet, and trailers are notorious for misrepresenting a film's true intentions, but will look out for it on DVD.

Going back to the NDEs, research on near death experiences has shown that very very few people have negative experiences - something like just 1% - so that the very premiss of the film is flawed. The process of dying may be painful or terrifying depending on circumstances (such as having an accident) but death itself, or that intermediate state of near-death, is neither painful nor frightening and most people come out of the experience shorn of any fear they may have had about their mortality.

Test Your Psychic Skills With Twitter Experiment

2009-06-03T10:23:00.004+01:00

Richard Wiseman describes himself on his Twitter Bio as "Psychologist, author and magician." He is also a professor at the University of Hertfordshire and this week, in collaboration with New Scientist, he is conducting an experiment into remote viewing using Twitter as a communication medium.

The idea is that every day this week at 3pm Professor Wiseman will travel to a secret location in the UK and he wants people to try and remote view where he is. He will later post five images online, one of which is the real location, and again see whether the collective wisdom of the participants can sense the true location.

There is still time to participate; even if you're not in the UK that shouldn't affect your psychic abilities.

Wiseman is following in the footsteps of the American and Russian secret services who invested significant resources on psychic spying techniques including remote viewing. But unlike the CIA's Stargate Project, Wiseman is looking for collective effects rather than individually gifted remote viewers. We shall soon see what the results are.

==

Update

The results of the remote viewing experiment on Twitter have now been published... well, sort of. Wiseman hasn't, as yet, posted any proper data but just his conclusions: "... the study didn’t support the existence of remote viewing, and suggested that those who believe in the paranormal are good at finding illusory correspondences between their thoughts and a target."

Unsurprising, perhaps, and even when analysing the sub-group that claimed psychic abilities he found no evidence of this. You can read the short report and the comments at Wiseman's blog.

Biopulsar Reflexograph Biofeedback Imaging System

2009-05-31T10:27:00.000+01:00

"The Biopulsar-Reflexograph is a biomedical measuring device, based on Eastern and Western alternative energy and medical science. The presentation of the body reflex-zones that are read by the hand sensor are displayed in different formats: dynamic biofeedback graphs of different organs in real time, dynamic total body aura, the organ aura, the chakra activity, etc."

OK, but what is actually being measured? Cutting through some of the technical jargon, the philosophy page is the most revealing.

"It is known from reflexology therapy that certain parts of the hand have an energetic link to the organs of the body. According to ancient Eastern healing science, the individual zones on the hand are connected not only with the body organs and the consciousness, but also with colour and the subtle energy centres. [...] Neural therapy also works through the reflex zones of the skin.

In applied kinesiology, the interactions of the consciousness and the activity of the organ are analyzed, as well. [...] Certain emotions and thoughts resonate with certain parts of the brain, which are interconnected with various organs. This is confirmed by the studies of Dr. Gerd Ryke Hamer (see his book, The New Medicine), who explored the connections of emotional conflicts with brain and organ tumours, and other diseases through computer tomography. [...]

The philosophy and technical concept (indirect meridian measurements through reflex zones as well as the colour presentation and numerical values) are unique to the Biopulsar."

OK, so the Biopulsar is an "indirect meridian" measuring device. This requires a lot of theoretical links to justify the significance of the output. One thing is a direct CT or fMRI scan, quite another to assume the same level of energetic details can be achieved by placing one's hands on an electrical contact board.

I'm skeptical, but if anybody has used this system then would be good to have some feedback. A system for direct measurements may still be far too expensive for most individuals or therapists - even though the Biopulsar website itself has no indication of its price.

The Mind and Life Institute

2009-05-31T07:46:00.001+01:00

The Mind & Life Institute is an independent, not-for-profit organization devoted to establishing a mutually respectful working collaboration and research partnerships between modern science and Buddhism – two of the world's most fruitful traditions for understanding the nature of reality and promoting human well-being.

The Mind and Life Institute believes that in order for the dialogue between meditation and science to have a durable contribution to humanity, collaborative research programs must be conducted in first rate Western scientific laboratories and the results of those studies be published in prominent peer-review scientific journals. Thus far collaborative research has been focused on collecting data from highly trained meditative adepts using fMRI, EEG and MEG neuroimaging techniques and other psychological, neurological, and immunological measures. Most importantly, these meditative adepts are not only "subjects", in the classical sense. Instead, they are true collaborators, helping to design the scientific research protocols, and participating in analysis and publications.

Mind and Life Institute on Buddhism and Modern Science

2009-05-31T07:30:00.003+01:00

This is a short article entitled "The Importance of the Encounter with Buddhism for Modern Science" by Francisco J. Varela and published at the Mind & Life Institute. The main points are that Buddhist practices and philosophy are having a profound effect on the assumptions and direction of some modern sciences, especially in the realms of consciousness and epistemology. Below are some of my own thoughts on the points discussed in Varela's article.

Of the Eastern religions, Buddhism has had the highest level of penetration in the West outside of immigrant populations. However, I think that the esoteric practices of Hinduism and Taoism have much in common with Buddhism and all three traditions should be looked at together. Having said that, let's see what the Mind & Life Institute has to say.

The first major impact of Buddhism on science is in the study of consciousness and the range of human abilities. What is normal? What are the limits of human experience? How do we distinguish reality from illusion and delusion? Western science has often been accused of being so objective as to have ignored subjective experiences. For example, the main branch of psychology studied at university during the 20th century has been behaviourism; mainly because both inputs and outputs are measurable and thereby people's actual subjective experiences that happen in the middle of the process can be ignored and then deduced from the data. I think, however, that the global village is a recent phenomenon and that we still have a wide range of educational and philosophical traditions around the world. Just as modern science was born in Europe and is now a worldwide enterprise, so Buddhism, or at least the esoteric practices of Buddhism, may have been born in India but there is no reason why it should not become a universal tool for exploring consciousness. That is why I also mentioned Hinduism and Taoism: shorn of their religious shells, they are at an experiential level talking the same language.

The scientific focus on data, empiricism and objectivity has discarded a lot of ideas that were based on superstition or just plain wrong. By doing so it has also come to appreciate that there are aspects of the human experience that remain baffling and mysterious. Into the scene steps the accumulated data of centuries of experimentation on human consciousness from the subjective point of view. Experiences such as lucid dreaming, religious visions, altered states of mind, out of body experiences all once seemed like pathologies. Yet now, with the help of medical physics on the one hand and the knowledge of expert meditators on the other, these exoteric and esoteric scientists are discovering common ground.

This is a major step forward in human knowledge. We may soon reach a point where the inner and outer scientists share a common philosophical framework. As an aside, this may also herald the end of fideist religions. Mystical traditions do exist in the Near Eastern monotheisms but they have usually been marginalised, if not driven wholly underground. The fundamental problem for dogmatic religions is that human consciousness may throw up unorthodox experiences. The esoteric traditions such as Buddhism have accepted this and their focus has been not so much on dogma but on seeing how far human experiences can go. Yes, a theoretical framework has grown up around these experiences but it is periodically updated to reflect any new discoveries. What is the ultimate reality we can experience? This quest is as scientific as the search for the ultimate physical reality. At some point, a truly universal theory of everything will have to account for both phenomena.

This leads to the second influence of Buddhism, which is in the sphere of epistemology: the philosophy of knowledge. How do we know what we know? What is reality really like? Varela spends less time discussing epistemology as this seems to lean more towards the philosophy of science than to experiencing new levels of consciousness. The main influence here has been on physics and its innumerable problems that have arisen ever since the birth of quantum mechanics. Non-local phenomena and a vacuum that is both empty and yet brimming with potential all have parallels in Buddhist philosophy. The newtonian ideas of cause and effect still have domains in which they apply, but at the most fundamental level quantum effect mock any notion of strict causality. My problem here is that trying to wed Buddhism with theoretical physics may backfire if at some point in the future there is another scientific revolution and a new higher order is discovered. This may be unfounded, but although such philosophical cross-fertilization has proved useful to both sides I still think that the most fertile ground is with the neurosciences and biophysics.

Research in belief in God

2009-05-30T08:21:00.000+01:00

Researchers at the University of Oxford will spend £1.9 million investigating why people believe in God. Academics have been given a grant to try to find out whether belief in a deity is a matter of nature or nurture.

They will not attempt to solve the question of whether God exists but they will examine evidence to try to prove whether belief in God conferred an evolutionary advantage to mankind. They will also consider the possibility that faith developed as a byproduct of other human characteristics, such as sociability.

Researchers at the Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion and the Centre for Anthropology and Mind in Oxford will use the cognitive science disciplines to develop “a scientific approach to why we believe in God and other issues around the nature and origin of religious belief”.

Justin Barrett, a psychologist who has been quoted in support of arguments by both the atheist Richard Dawkins and his critic, Alister Mc-Grath, a Christian theologian, said: “We are interested in exploring exactly in what sense belief in God is natural. We think there is more on the nature side than a lot of people suppose.”

He compared believers to three-year-olds who “assume that other people know almost everything there is to be known”. Dr Barrett, who is a Christian, is the editor of the Journal of Cognition and Cultureand author of the book Why Would Anyone Believe in God? He said that the childish tendency to believe in the omniscience of others was pared down by experience as people grew up. But this tendency, necessary to allow human beings to socialise and cooperate with each other in a productive way, continued when it came to belief in God.

“It usually does continue into adult life,” he said. “It is easy, it is intuitive, it is natural. It fits our default assumptions about things.”

Dr Barrett said: “The next step therefore is to look at some of the detailed questions – which religious beliefs are most common and most natural for the human mind to grasp?” The most exciting questions were in areas such as the different responses to polytheism and monotheism, for example, and relationships between religion and evolutionary biology.

He and his colleague Roger Trigg will be investigating whether religion is a part of the selection process that has helped humans survive or merely a byproduct of evolution.

The three-year study is being funded by a £1.9 million grant to the Ian Ramsey Centre from the John Templeton Foundation, which supports research into religion, science and spirituality. There will be seminars and workshops, while £800,000 will go towards a small grant competition, with 41 grants for different projects.

Professor Trigg, a senior research Fellow at Oxford and author of Religion in Public Life: Must Faith be Privatised?, said: “Religion has played an important role in public life over the past few years and the debate about the origin of religion, and how it fits into the human mind, has intensified. This study will not prove or disprove any aspect of religion.” (Times Online)

I will keep track of this research and will post more. If you have any news then please leave a comment. One word of caution; the research is another Templeton funded project. The Templeton Foundation has a lot of money and is unashamedly Christian in outlook. Look closely and one of the goals is to see how "natural" belief in God is. In the theologian's mind if it can be shown to be natural then it is very close to being true. Trying to prop up metaphysical beliefs, rather than investigating spiritual mental states is not, in my opinion, a huge step forward.

Born to Believe – Review and Response

2009-05-29T08:18:00.002+01:00

A New Scientist article, Born believers: how your brain creates God, takes us through some recent research with children that suggests belief in supernatural beings is somehow hard-wired into the human brain. The starting point is the rather unsurprising statistics that many people turn to religion in times of hardship. The afterlife may seem positively luxurious compared to being down and out.

Religious ideas are common to all cultures: like language and music, they seem to be part of what it is to be human. Until recently, science has largely shied away from asking why. "It's not that religion is not important," says Paul Bloom, a psychologist at Yale University, "it's that the taboo nature of the topic has meant there has been little progress."

This is, indeed, good to see. However, I suspect we're also going to be entering a phase where the direction of research may also be contaminated with religious ideology and it is also good to know who says what.

As anthropologist Scott Atran of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor points out, the benefits of holding such unfounded beliefs are questionable, in terms of evolutionary progress. "I don't think the idea makes much sense, given the kinds of things you find in religion," he says. A belief in life after death, for example, is hardly compatible with surviving in the here-and-now and propagating your genes. Moreover, if there are adaptive advantages of religion, they do not explain its origin, but simply how it spread.

This is precisely my feeling on the matter. The shared delusion that may result in social cohesion can also lead that whole society to an early grave. Such dead-end cults would be difficult to find historically but we get an inkling of them in some of the contemporary suicide cults. A belief in afterlife has to also have some good excuse to live this one out fully first.

"Children the world over have a strong natural receptivity to believing in gods because of the way their minds work, and this early developing receptivity continues to anchor our intuitive thinking throughout life," says anthropologist Justin Barrett of the University of Oxford.

One thing the article fails to mention is that Justin Barrett is not only an anthropologist but also one of the founders of the Ian Ramsey Centre for Religion and Science. Barrett is described in the New York Times as a "prominent member of the by-product camp" and "an observant Christian who believes in “an all-knowing, all-powerful, perfectly good God who brought the universe into being,” [and] “that the purpose for people is to love God and love each other.” He considers that “Christian theology teaches that people were crafted by God to be in a loving relationship with him and other people, Why wouldn’t God, then, design us in such a way as to find belief in divinity quite natural?” What did I say about investigating both the research and the researcher?

Children do seem to have an innate common-sense dualism between things with minds and inanimate objects. The dualism extends to being able to conceive of minds as separate from their bodies. The common experience of having fantasy friends is one consequence of this. But some of the research seems to contradict this in that it found that children were prone to ascribe meaning and intention to natural physical phenomena – it rains so as to help plants grow, the sun shines because it keeps us warm, and so on. I'm not sure if the researchers looked deeply enough if this was a consequence of the way children's stories are written in that very often animate and inanimate objects are characters with intentions and purposes. Whatever the source of these ideas they do seem to be deeply embedded, with it being a very short step from believing in imaginary friends or disembodied minds to gods and an afterlife.

[...] religion is an inescapable artefact of the wiring in our brain, says Bloom. "All humans possess the brain circuitry and that never goes away." Olivera Petrovich adds that even adults who describe themselves as atheists and agnostics are prone to supernatural thinking.

Seeing patterns where none exist may well be an attribute of the brain but extending that to the supernatural sphere is not an obvious progression. The last piece of research quoted showed that people under stress or feeling a loss of control would be more prone to seeing patterns in random data. The results are interpreted as showing that people under stress are more likely to seek solace in meaning, even if that meaning is purely imaginary. Hence the link with the original observation that religious belief seems to increase when times are difficult.

The final message is that, whether belief says anything about the object of belief, religion is not going to be going away any time soon. Religious faith is the path of least resistance when the world around us seems to be descending into chaos. In contrast, disbelief requires more effort.

It is also interesting that this article prompted an editorial in the same edition. The editor shows a certain resignation in research showing that irrationality may well be the natural human state and that scientific understanding has not only been hard won but may also be more fragile than many of us would hope.

Beliefs and Opinions: A Thought Experiment

2009-05-29T08:04:00.002+01:00

One of the many rhetorical devices used by the faithful is the argument that science is also just a belief system. It is unfortunate that the word 'belief' has two distinct meanings that are easily confused if one is not careful. Here I propose a thought experiment to prise out how psychologically and emotionally different they are. It would, indeed, be better if one were to use different words, such as faith and opinion, to delineate their separate natures - but that would destroy the religious rhetoric.

Let's assume you have a religious faith, whatever it might be. Your faith is in a particular set of doctrines and probably a particular deity. From the point of view of a believer, the beliefs are obvious, self-evident truths. Now, is it possible to have two faiths simultaneously?

Is it possible to be, for example, a Roman Catholic and a Zen Buddhist at the same time? Is it possible to be a Jehovah's Witness and a Hassidic Jew at the same time? Is it possible to hold two distinct and different religious beliefs simultaneously?

The beliefs have to be distinct in that any fusion between two belief systems is a form of syncretism and thereby results in a third belief system that is different from its two original components. Many cults have developed as tributaries from one main source, but they still regard themselves as different with a distinct set of beliefs.

I propose that it is not possible to hold two different religious beliefs simultaneously. It is just not possible to have the emtional certainty in two conflicting beliefs, such as in an eternal heaven and hell and in rebirth, at the same time.

Now, let us add to our thought experiment some simple scientific 'beliefs'. "I believe the sun will rise tomorrow." That is not a particularly controversial belief but perfectly scientific. Is it possible to hold such a 'belief' and at the same time hold on to one's religious faith? There are innumerable scientific propositions about our universe that are indisputable. There are also many scientific propositions that are still hypotheses waiting for verification or falsification. By phrasing every scientific proposition in the future tense gives them all the status of hypotheses waiting for personal testing.

This is not the place to delve more deeply into the philosophy of science; remember, this is a psychological thought experiment. The point here is that the religious believer thinks that by labelling scientific propositions as 'belief' he is according them equal status to the doctrines of his religious belief. But they are not the same thing - they are two different states of mind. That is why it is perfectly possible to be a religious believer and a scientist at the same time. The vast majority of science does not even impinge on religious doctrines. When it does, then the individual has a dilemma.

I am becoming convinced that religious belief is an emotional state of mind, somewhat like being in love. Try telling someone that the love they have for their partner is a delusion! What kind of reaction would you get? Try also telling someone who is not in love that their "non-love" is actually in reality a form of love! What reaction would you get then? This aspect of belief needs some research but would be interesting to see who would have the bravery to fund it.

For the religious believer, trying to call scientific propositions beliefs is the sign of self defence. Imagine someone told you that your partner had been unfaithful to you. The reactions are myriad, from disbelief to outright divorce. The emotional turmoil is very real but love is not so easy to turn off, even in the face of evidence that it isn't reciprocated.

These last thoughts require another article. For now, it suffices to say that religious faith is an altogether different state of mind to opinions held about scientific theories - our language should reflect this difference rather than obscure it.

Also published at Asylum Joy.

NSA Harasses Law Abiding Americans Using Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM) Reading List

2009-03-17T04:19:00.006Z

How The NSA Harasses Thousands Of Law Abiding Americans Daily By The Usage Of Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM)
John St. Clair Akwei
vs.
NSA, Ft. Meade, MD, USA

You can read about the case and the accusations here. What I wanted to list here are the references at the end. The page also has an interesting excerpt from trufax.org.

The Body Electric

Electromagnetism and the Foundrrtion of Life, by Robert Becker, M.D.
p. 265/313/318. Monitoringeuroelectric information in the brain. E-M wave E.S.B.

Cross Currents, by Robert Becker, M.D.

p. 70, p. 78, p. 105/210/216/220/242/299/303 E-M ESB. Simulating auditory hallucinations. p. 274, "Remote computer tampering using the RF emissions from the logic board."

Currents of Death by Paul Brodeur

p. 27/93. Driving brain electrical activity with external E-M, Magnetophosphenes, Delgado.

The Zapping of America by Paul Brodeur

DoD E-M ESB Research, simulating auditory hallucinations.

Of Mice, Men and Molecules, by John H. Heller. 1963.

p. 110, Bioelectricity. probing the brain with E-M waves.

The 3-Pound Universe, by Judith Hooper

p. 29/132/137. CIA EEG research. EEG's for surveillance.

In the Palaces or Memory, by George Johnson

E-M emissions from the brain,the brain as an open electromagnetic circuit.

The Puzzle Palace, by James Bamford

Signals intelligence, most advanced computers in the early Sixties

The U.S. Intelligence Community - Glossary terms at National Security Archives:

Radiation intelligence - information from unintentionally emanated electromagnetic energy, excluding radioactive sources.

The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate," by John Marks

p. 327. Electrical or radio stimulation to the brain, CIA R&D in bioelectrics.

Secret Agenda, by Jim Hougan

National Security cult groups.

Crines of the Intelligence Commununity. by Morton Halperin

Surreptitious entries; intelligence agents running operations against government workers

War in the Age of Intelligent Machines

NSA computer supremacy, complete control of information

Alternate Computers, by Time-Life Books

Molecule Computers

The Mind, by Richard Restak, M.D.

p. 258, EEG Systems Inc., decoding brain E-M emanations, tracking thoughts on a computer.

MedTech, by Lawrence Gallon

Triggering events in the brain" direct to auditory cortex signals.

Cyborg, by D.S. Halacy, Jr. (1965)

Brain-to-computer link research contracts given out by the U.S. Govemment

Psychiatry and the C.I.A.: Victims of Mind Control by Harvey M. Weinstein. M.D.

Dr. Cameron, psychic driving. ultraconceptual communications.

Journey Into Madness: Ihe True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse, by Gordon Thomas

p. 127/276/116, 168-69. Intelligence R & D. Delgado. Psychic driving with radio telemetry.

Mind Manipulators, by Alan Scheflin and Edward M. Opton

MKULTRA brain research for information gathering

The Brain Changers, by Maya Pines.

p. 19. Listening to brain E-M emissions.

Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neuropsysiology by Sudhansu Chokroverty

Magneto-Phosphenes. Images direct to the visual cortex.

The Mind of Man by Nigel Calder

U.S. Intelligence brain research

Neuroelectric Society Conference - 1971

Audio direct to the brain with e-m waves, two waf remote EEG.

Brain Control by Elliot S. Valenstein

ESB control of individuals

Towards Century 21 by C.S. Wallia

p. 21. Brain Stimulation for direct to brain communication.

Mind Wars by Ron McRae, associate of Jack Anderson

p 62/106/136. Research into brain-to-brain electronic communications, remote neural e-m detection.

Mind Tools by Rudy Rucker

Brain tapping, communication with varying biomagnetic fields. p. 82

U.S. News and World Report 1/2/84

p. 88. e-m wave brain stimulation. Intelligence community high tech.

Ear Magazine article on extremely low frequency radio emissions in the natural environment, radio emissions from the human body.
City Paper article on FCC and NSA "complete radio spectrum" listening posts. 1/17/92.
Frontiers in Science - 1958 - by Edward Hutchings, Jr.

p. 48

Beyond Biofeedback - 1977 - by Elmer and Alyce Green

p. 118

The Body Quantum by Fred Alan Wolf
Cloning - A Biologist Reports by Robert Gilmore McKinnell

Ethical review of cloning humans.

Hoover's FBI by former agent William Turner

p. 280. Routines of electronic surveillance work.

July 20, 2019 by Arthur C. Clarke

Lida, Neurophonics, Brain/Computer Link

MegaBrain by Michael Hutchison

p. 107/108/117/120/123. Brain stimulation with e-m waves. CIA research and information control.

The Cult of Information by Theodore Rosnak - 1986

NSA Directive #145. Personal Files in Computers. Computer automated telephone tapping

The Body Shop

1968 implantation of an electrode array on the visual cortex for video direct to the brain and other 1960s research into electronically triggering phosphenes in the brain, thus bypassing the eyes.

Evoked Potentials by David Regan

Decoding neuroelectric information in the brain

Brainwave Frequency Listing

2009-02-08T11:04:00.000Z

Brain Frequencies - Anecdotal Listing of Frequencies

Brainwave Frequency Listing

Michael Triggs

This is a listing of frequencies that various parties have claimed can affect the human mind or body in some way. The following sorts of frequencies are included :

Brainwave Frequencies - These are frequencies associated with various mental states. Using brainwave entrainment, you can coax your brainwaves to a certain frequency, and in doing so, achieve the mental state associated with that frequency.

"Healing" Frequencies - These are frequencies that various parties claim could be used to heal illnesses of different kinds, or stimulate some region of the body (chakras). The medium used to do this varies - some of these parties used devices that generated EM fields which were applied to a precise part of the body, while others used vibration and sound. (I don't have any experience with using EM fields - most of my personal toying about with this stuff uses a sound medium.)

Natural Phenomena Frequencies - This includes natural frequencies that occur in nature [Schumann's Resonance, for instance], as well as sound tones calculated from the revolution/orbit of the various planets. The sources of these frequencies claimed that they could affect humans in a variety of ways.

If you want to redistribute this, please include the Bibliography page as well -- the original sources deserve their reference. Also, please leave my introduction at the top as it is, along with my name, email, and URL.

Disclaimer : I wouldn't take everything you read on this list for granted. Some of it is verifiable by science -- and, there's probably a lot of new-agey crap as well. Although the mere fact some of it sounds new-agey in itself doesn't mean there isn't some truth to it. (The powers that be might have just been too imaginative naming it.)

Disclaimer #2 : Anything you do with the frequencies below is your personal risk - if you manage to burn out a couple of brain cells or harm yourself in some other way, I do not take any responsibility nor will I be held liable. (Just protecting my butt here.)

Sincerely,

Michael Triggs

mtriggs886@aol.com

http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/3106

CYCLES PER SECOND (HERTZ), and Correspondences to MENTAL STATES, PHYSIOLOGY, COLORS, NOTES & PLANETS

These frequencies are of all types; light, sound, electrical, etc. The two- or three-character source codes after each frequency are defined in the bibliography.

0.1-1 Organ/muscle resonances [SS]

0.1-3 Delta range, according to [NEU+CRI] - deep sleep, lucid dreaming, increased immune functions, hypnosis [NEU]; Decreased awareness of the physical world. Access to unconscious information. Dominant brainwave in infants under one year old. This range normally decreases when we focus, but this doesn't happen when a person with ADD - delta waves actually increase when they try and focus. [CRI]; "Monroe focus 21" [MB2 via DW];

0.16 - 10 - Neuralgias [AT]

0.18 - 10 - Mod. therapy [AT]

0.20 - 0.26 - Dental pain [AT]

0.20 - 10 - Post-traumatics [AT]

0.28 - 2.15 - Alcohol addiction [AT]

0.28 - 10 - Arthritis [AT]

0.30 - 0.15 - Depression [AT]

0.30 - 10 - Cervobrachial syndrome [AT]

0.37 - 2.15 - Drug addiction [AT]

0.40 - 10 - Confusion [AT]

0.45 - 10 - Muscle pain [AT]

Below 0.5 - Epsilon range, extraordinary states of consciousness, high states of meditation, ecstatic states of consciousness, high-level inspiration states, spiritual insight, out-of-body experiences, Yogic states of suspended animation. [CNR]

0.5 - very relaxing, against headache [MB], for lower back pain [AS] ; Thyroid, reproductive, excretory stimulant, whole brain toner [SS]

0.5-1.5 Pain relief [SS + CMP] ; endorphins, better hypnosis [SS]

0.5-3 Delta range, according to [RA]

0.5-4 Delta range, according to [SS,PWM+AWI]. Deep dreamless sleep, trance, suspended animation [SS]; Anti-aging. Reduces amount of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress & aging. Increases the levels of DHEA (anti-aging) & melantonin (decreases aging process.) [BAR]; Associated with unconscious mind & sleep state - in conjunction with other frequencies in a waking state, "Delta acts as a form of radar – seeking out information – reaching out to understand on the deepest unconscious level things that we can't understand through thought process." Provides intuition, empathetic attunement & instinctual insight. [AWI]; Conducive to miracle type healing, divine knowledge, inner being & personal growth, rebirth, trauma recovery, "one with the universe" experiences (samadhi), near death experience, characterized by "unknowing", merely a blissful "being" state such as deep sleep or coma. [PWM via DW]

The anti-aging info comes from a Brainwave Generator preset authored by TheMind2 - he uses binaurals at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 & 4.0 HZ. They all play simultaneously.

0.9 Euphoria [SS]

0.95 - 10 - Whiplash [AT]

1-3 - Delta: deep, dreamless sleep, trance state, non-REM sleep [??]; profound relaxation, restorative sleep, feelings of tranquility&peace, if one can remain aware [VUG via DW]

There's disagreement over where the delta range begins & ends - [SS,PWM+AWI] list it as 0.5 to 4.0 HZ, [NEU] 0.1 to 3.0 HZ, & [RA] considers it 0.5 to 3.0 HZ.

1.0 - Feeling of well-being, pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone; overall view of inter-relationships; harmony & balance [MB]

1.05 Helps hair grow + get its color back [RA]; pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]

1.2 - (used on) headaches [RS]

1.45 - Tri-thalamic entrainment format. According to Ronald deStrulle, creates entrainment between hypothalamus, pituitary & pineal. May benefit dyslexics + people with Alzheimer's. [MP2]

1.5 Abrahams Universal Healing Rate [SS]; Sleep [NEU]; Those individuals whose ailments have manifested into the fourth stage of Chronic Fatigue, where some form of disease is apparent, experienced a release from the negative sensation of their symptoms when moved into 1.5HZ. [NYT via NEU]

1.8 Sinus Congestion seems to clear centering around 1.8 HZ [MPT] (tested with binaural beats, primarily)

2.15 - 10 - Tendovaginatis [AT]

2.06 Associated with coccyx (small triangular bone at end of the spinal column) [TOS]

2.30 Associated with genitals [TOS]

2.5 - pain relief, relaxation [MB]; production of endogenous opiates. [EQ]; Use for sedative effect [ESP]; Sedative effect - reported use on bleeding, bruises, insomnia, and sinusitis. [RS] Sexual stimulation? [SX]

2.57 Associated with bladder [TOS]

2.67 Associated with intestines [TOS]

3.0-5.5 - "Theta1" Range. [DW]

[DW] divides the Theta Range into Theta1 & Theta2.

3.0 Increased Reaction Time [RT] [SS]; 3.0 HZ & below used to reduce muscle tension headaches, but worked less well on migraines & sinus headaches. [RED]; used to treat allergies, in conjunction with 330 HZ [RS]

3.07 Associated with hara (3cm or 1.5 inch below navel, balance of pelvis) [TOS]

3 - 4 Influences physical vision [SS]

3 - 6 Childhood awareness/vivid memories [SS+RA]

3 - 8 Theta Range according to [NEU]; deep relaxation, meditation, increased memory, focus, creativity, lucid dreaming, hypnagogic state [NEU]

3.4 - Sound sleep

3.5 - Feeling of unity with everything, accelerated language retention [×]; enhancement of receptivity [MB]; Earth Resonance (?) [SS]; (a remedy for) depression & anxiety [ESR]; Wholebeing regeneration, DNA stimulation [DIV]

[MPT] I was under the impression the Earth Resonance is 7.83 HZ - unless [SS] is talking about a different earth resonance.

3.5-7.5 - Theta Range [per CRI] - Creativity, intuition, daydreaming, fantasizing, recollection, imagery, dreamlike, switching thoughts, drowsiness; "oneness", "knowing", repository for memories, emotions, sensations. Can lead to trance-like states. Theta strong during internal focus, meditation, prayer + spiritual awareness. Reflects state between wakefulness+ sleep. Relates to subconscious. Observed in anxiety, behavioral activation+behavioral inhibition. Promotes learning+memory when functioning normally. (I think they mean it helps you process what you've learned - if you tried to actively learn while in the theta state, I doubt you'd have success - but sometimes the theta state can give your subconscious a chance to chew the proverbial fat that you've learned during the day, and digest it.) Abnormal in awake adults, but seen in children up to 13 years old. Suppression of theta can help concentration/focus of attention. [CRI]

3.6 (a remedy for) anger & irritability [ESR]

3.84 Associated with ovaries (Effects=vitality, life at every level) [TOS]

3.9 (a remedy for) unsociable behavior [ESR]; Theta/Delta brainwave range - crystal clear meditation, lucid dreams, enhanced inner awareness, "facilitates easy access to inner resources & creates space for inner peace + self-renewal". [SED]

4-6 - attitude & behavior change [MH]

4-7 - Theta Range : recall, fantasy, imagery, creativity, planning, dreaming, switching thoughts, Zen meditation, drowsiness; Access to subconscious images, deep meditation, reduced blood pressure, said to cure addictions [SS]; Reset the brain's sodium potassium levels, which cuts down on mental fatigue [INT]; Increases sex drive [INT] ; Meditation, Intuitive Augmentation [NEU]; Near Sleep brainwaves, conducive to profound inner peace, "mystical truths", transforming unconsciously held limiting beliefs, physical & emotional healing, purpose of life exploration, inner wisdom, faith, meditation, some psychic abilities, & retrieving unconscious material. [PWB]; bursts of inspiration, twilight sleep learning, deep relaxation, reverie, high levels of awareness, vivid mental imagery. Hypnopompic & Hypnagogic states [NSS via DW]; Military remote viewers operate in this range [RVX]

Some disagreement over the theta range - [NEU] lists it as 3.0 to 8.0 HZ. [AWI] lists it as 4.0 to 8.0 HZ. [RA] & [PWB] both have it as 4.0 to 7.0. [DW] divides it into two ranges, Theta1 (3.0-5.5 hz) & Theta2 (5.5-8.0 hz).

4.0 - 8.0 HZ Theta State according to [AWI]+[VUG via DW] - present in dreaming sleep, deep meditation, storehouse of creative inspiration, spiritual connection, subconscious mind [AWI]; creative insight, twilight ("sleep") learning, vivid mental imagery. Found in advanced meditators [VUG via DW]

4-12 Skeletal muscle resonances [SS]

4.0 - Enkephalins, Extrasensory perception [MB]; Astral Projection, Telepathy, "Seduction mindset" [DIV]; Catecholamines, vital for memory & learning, respond at around 4 HZ. [PSI]; Subconscious Problem Solving/Full Memory Scanning (if one can manage to stay awake) [RA+CAV via DW]; Associated with object naming, an important aspect of memory [TDM via DW]; "Those who suffer from Chronic Fatigue exhaust very easily. When moved to 4HZ these individuals showed marked improvement in the length of time between the occurrence of exhaustion after certain exercises were completed." [NYT via NEU]

4.11 Associated with kidneys (Effects=strength) [TOS]

4.5 Shamanic State Of Consciousness/Tibetan Buddhist Chants [MMF via DW]

4.5-6.5 Wakeful dreaming, vivid images [SS]

4.6 Associated with spleen & blood (Effects=Emotional Impulse) [TOS]

4.9 - Introspection [SS]; Induce relaxation, meditation, & deeper sleep [ESR]

5.0 - unusual problem solving [×] reduced sleep needed, theta sounds replacing need for extensive dreaming [INT] ; relaxed states, pain-relief (beta endorphin increases of 10-50% reported) [INT]; Alleged Sphincter Resonance (mechanical)(not good) [TB]

5.0 - 10.0 Relaxation [NEU]

5.14 Associated with stomach (Effects=Emotional Acceptance) [TOS]

5.35 Associated with lungs (Effects=Oxygen, Heat) [TOS]

5.5-8.0 "Theta2" frequency range : .. Consists of trains (long runs) of rhythmic frontal activity centering at 6.5-Hz with amplitudes reaching the 50-100 uV (micro-volt) range. .. Is induced in some people by the performance of a mental task such as mental arithmetic, tracing a maze, counting the number of cubes piled in a three-dimensional representation, & imaging a scene. .. More common in extroverts with low traits of neurosis & anxiety. Because Theta2 is associated with mental tasks & its influence is seen in evoked potential latencies, Mizuki (1987) believes that the appearance of Theta2 closely relates to mechanisms of attention or arousal. [DW]

5.5 - Moves beyond knowledge to knowing, shows vision of growth needed ; "Inner Guidance" [SS]; Inner Guidance, intuition, heat generation [DIV]

5.8 (reduce) Fear, Absent-mindedness, Dizziness [ESR]

6.0 - long term memory stimulation [MB] ; (reduce) unwillingness to work [ESR]

6.0 - 10.0 Creative Visualization - about 6hz for a while, then up to 10hz [NEU]

6-9.6 Somatic Responses, tingling, pressure, heat [SS]

6.15 Associated with heart (Effects=love,warmth) [TOS]

6.2-6.7 Frontal Midline Theta (Fm Theta) is a specific EEG frequency seen in those subjects actively engaged in cognitive activity, such as solving math problems & playing Tetris [TDM via DW]

6.26-6.6 Hemispheric desync, confusion, anxiety, low Reaction Time, depression insomnia [SS]

6.30 Hz - Mental & astral projection [SS seconded this]; accelerated learning & increased memory retention.[??]; (reduce) Anger + Irritability [ESR]

6.5 - "Center" of Theta2 Brainwave Frequency Range [DW]; "Your frontal lobe, or brain entrainment of the two hemispheres is around 6.5 hz." [RA]

I quoted the second entry from [RA] directly, due to its ambiguity. It probably ties into what the 5.5-8.0 HZ entry says above.

6.8 Possible use for muscle spasms [ESR]

6.88 Associated with collarbones (Effects=vitality, overall balance, stability) [TOS]

7.0 - 8.0 For healing purposes, like laying of hands by a healer, or self vizualization in a healing situation [RA]; Treatment of Addictions [DW]

7.0 - Mental & astral projection, bending objects, psychic surgery; Increased Reaction Time [SS]; Mass aggregate frequency (can deaggregate matter), alleged to
resonate & rupture organs at excessive intensity [TB]; Treatment of sleep disturbances [PGS via DW]

7.5 - Inter-awareness of self & purpose; guided meditation; creative thought for art, invention music, etc.; contact with spirit guides for direction; entry into meditation [MB]; At 7.5 HZ subjects who before suffered from confused thinking reported an ease at finding solutions to troublesome problems after a re-evaluation was conducted. [NYT via NEU]; (?) Earth magnetic field frequency, useful theta (brain) waves frequency [TB]

7.5 - 8 For Treating Alcohol + Drug Addiction - This range of frequencies tells a person they're satisfied, which is "missing" in addictive personalities [RA]

7.69 Associated with shoulders (Effects=strength of the arms, expansion, teaching) [TOS]

7.8 Schumann Resonance (see 7.83 HZ), ESP activation [DIV]; Doyere's group (1993), found that short high frequency bursts at 7.7 Hz induced LTP in prefrontal cortex, though only for one day. [AA via DW]

7.8-8 Stimulates ESP, paranormal [SS]

7.83 - Earth Resonance, grounding [×], "Schumann Resonance." [TS, ESR+HSW, MAG]; anti-jetlag, anti-mind control, improved stress tolerance [SS]; psychic healing experiments [ESR]; pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]; Earth Resonance Frequency - 'leaves you feeling revitalized like you've spent a day in the country.' [PWM via DW]; reports of accelerated healing/enhanced learning - "the earth's natural brainwave" [MAG]

[HSW] notes that overtones of the Schumann Resonance can also stimulate the pituitary in the same way that 7.83 HZ can - especially 31.32 HZ.

8-8.6 Reduced Stress/Anxiety [SS]

8.0-10.0 learning new information [MH]; Alpha - Rapid Refreshment 15 min [NEU]; "LOW ALPHA" inner-awareness of self, mind/body integration, balance [CRI]

8.0-12.0 - Alpha range (per NEU, RA, PWM, NSS & CRI) - light relaxation, "super learning", positive thinking. [NEU]; Conducive to creative problem solving, accelerated learning, mood elevation, stress reduction, etc., characterized by intuitive insights, creative "juice", inspiration, motivation, daydreams etc. Relaxed, yet alert [PWM via DW]; Associated with calm, relaxed, unfocused (not concentrating), lucid mental states, dream sleep & pleasant drifting feelings or emotions. [NSS via DW] ; promotes mental resourcefulness, aids in mental coordination, enhances relaxation, "Can move quickly + efficiently to accomplish whatever task is at hand.", feelings of "at ease" + calm, promotes good moods, a bridge between conscious + subconscious, alpha waves indicate a person is alert but not actively processing information, seen more in extroverts than introverts, seen during creative problem solving [CRI]

As you can see, different sources contradict each other. Some paint Alpha as a range of relaxed attentiveness, ideal for learning. Others associate it with "daydreaming" [which doesn't sound like it would be good for learning]. Unless they're not talking the "attentive" sort of learning [i.e. sitting in a classroom taking notes], but rather the "trying to assemble it all together in our heads" sort of learning, where our subconscious is doing most of the work in the background, and our conscious mind takes a backseat. I see the Alpha range as the fine line between daydreaming and alertness. It's like a baseball player on a base - he'll move away from the base, so that he can steal if the opportunity presents itself. But he always stays close enough to the base so he can get back in case the pitcher throws the ball to the baseman. Alpha Range is the same way - it's close enough to the "attentive" mental state for us to go to it as needed. But we can also quickly retreat into the realm of sleep if need be. [MPT]

8-13 - Alpha range - Non-drowsy but relaxed, tranquil state of consciousness, primarily with pleasant inward awareness; body/mind integration. ; Amplifies dowsing, empty-mind states, detachment, daydreams, mind/body integration. (can cause) epilectic seizures [SS];

Note : [NEU], [RA], [PWM], [NSS] + [CRI] consider the alpha range to be 8.0-12.0. [AWI] considers it 9.0-14.0. [VUG] has it as 9.0-13.0.

8-14 - Qi Gong and infratonic Qi Gong machine [QG]

8.0 - Past life regression [×]; More Lymphocytes, DNA repair (RAD-6) [SS]; Associated with Base/Muladhara chakra (Color=Red) (Body Parts=Adrenals, Spinal Column, Kidneys) (Effects=Physical energy, will to live)(Note=C) [OML]

8.22 Associated with mouth (Effects=speech, creativity) [TOS]

8.3 - Pick up visual images of mental objects [??]; clairvoyance [SS]; "Monroe Focus 12?" [NEU]

8.6-9.8 Induces sleep, tingling sensations [SS]

9.0, 11.0, 16.0 [bad] documented calcium ion migration (brain tissue) [SS]

9.0 - 13.0 - Alpha Range (according to [VUG]) - relaxed, not thinking about anything in particular, sometimes a pleasurable feeling of "floating". Often dominant in certain kinds of meditation, alpha waves have for the past twenty years been associated with calm, lucid mental states (the "alpha state"). They're also often detected during dream sleep. This pattern typically occurs in daydreaming, relaxed awareness, guided or focused imagery & smoothly rhythmic athletic activity. There's often a euphoric, effortless feeling of "flow" as the doer is absorbed in activity and subject + object are felt to be united. [VUG via DW]

9.0 - 14.0 Alpha range (according to [AWI]) - Relaxed & detached awareness, visualization, sensory imagery, light reverie. Also, gateway to meditation - provides bridge between the conscious & subconscious mind. [AWI]

9.0 - Awareness of causes of body imbalance & means for balance[×] Blind person phantom touch reading (somatosensory cortex) [RA]; Associated with Sacral/Svadhisthana chakra (Color=Orange) (Body Parts=Gonads, Reproductive System) (Effects=Relationships/Sexuality) (Note=D) [OML]

9.19 Associated with upper lip (Effects=emotions, conflict resolution) [TOS]

9.4 Major frequency used for prostate problems. [ESR] - Self-explanatory. =)

9.41 - Pyramid frequency (outside) (I can't find a good definition of "Pyramid Frequency". Anybody?)

9.5-10 - Center of Alpha Range - The brain's scanning/idling frequency - indicating a brain standing by, waiting to "give way to beta should attention be required, or be the bridge, the gate, to Theta & Delta for drowsiness, sleep, and certain cognitive challenges. [DW]

He gives credit for the 'brain scanning' factoid to Eccles & Walter (1950). (It was their conclusion.)

9.6 - Mean dominant frequency associated with earth's magnetic field [EQ]; Facial Toning [ESR] (I'm not completely sure what "facial toning" is.. Anybody?)

9.8-10.6 Alertness [SS]

10 - enhanced release of serotonin & mood elevator, universally beneficial, use to try effects of other mixes [MB]. Acts as ananalgesic, safest frequency, especially for hangover & jet lag. [EQ] Meg Patterson used for nicotine withdrawal. [MB3] dominant alpha frequency, clarity, normalcy, anti-convulsant, circadian rhythm resync, activate kidneys, raise body temp, more serotonin [SS]; Good when trying to correlate information by the subconscious - Sort of a waiting frequency while the subconscious does the work at lower frequencies. [RA]; Motor impulse coordination (Motor Control cortex) [RA]; Learning a foreign language [RA+PWM via DW]; Centering, Sleep Spindles, Arousal [DIV]; Associated with Solar Plexus/Manipura chakra (Color=Yellow) (Body Parts=Pancreas, Stomach, Liver, Gall Bladder, Nervous System) (Effects=Spiritual wisdom, self-healing)(Note=E) [OML]; Increased alertness (caused by an increase in norepinephrine + serotonin & a decrease in melatonin), sense of well being & decreased pain (caused by increase in beta-endorphins) [RED]; Adrenal Stimulant [RS]; Significant improvements in memory, reading & spelling are reported (in conjunction with 18 HZ) [RUS via DW]; Treatment for Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity [LUB via DW]; Treatment for closed head injury [HOF via DW]; 'Berger Rhythm' [BER via DW]; (used on) headaches [RS]

10-12: HIGH ALPHA RANGE - centering, healing, mind/body connection [CRI]

10-14 Dream/sleep spindles [SS]

10.2 Catecholamines

10.3 Associated With Nasal Passages (Effects=breathing, taste) [TOS]

10.5 - Frequency for healing of body, mind/body unity, firewalking [×]; potent stabilizer & stimulating for the immunity, valuable in convalescence. [MB] Relaxed alertness, contemplation, body healing, mind over matter [SS] Lowering Blood Pressure [RA+PWM via DW]; Associated with Heart/Anahata chakra (Color=Green) (Body Parts=Thymus, Heart, Blood, Circulatory System) (Effects=Love of Life, love of self&others) (Note=F) [OML]

10.6 - Relaxed & alert

10.7 Associated with ears (Effects=hearing, formal concepts) [TOS]

11.0 (& Below) - Stress Reduction (DW)

11-14 Focused alertness [SS]

11.0 (used to) achieve "relaxed yet alert" states. [PWM]

11.5-14.5 An implication for neurotherapy is that if increased intelligence + mental efficiency is the objective, then a frequency band with a 13-Hz center should be used. A more desirable frequency band than 12 to 15-Hz is 11.5 to 14.5-Hz. [DW]

12.0 - Centering, doorway to all other frequencies [×] ; frequency of earth resonance (Hercules - a researcher); Centering, mental stability, transitional point, time seems faster [SS]; To stimulate mental clarity [ESR]; Associated with Throat/Vishuddha chakra (Color=Blue) (Body Parts=Thyroid, Lungs, Vocal Cords) (Effects=Expression/self in society)(Note=G) [OML]

12.0-36.0 Beta Range [per CRI] - dominant brainwave in alert/awake/anxious adults with their eyes open. Comes into play when "listening & thinking during analytical problem solving, judgment, decision making, processing information about the world around us." [CRI]

12.0-14.0 Learning Frequency - Good for absorbing information passively, when you plan to think about it later. [RA]

[RA] distinguishes between active studying where you're processing information & passive studying where you're just trying to absorb information + plan to think about it later. For the former, he suggests 36 to 44 HZ.

12.0-15.0 Beta (low) - relaxed focus, improved attentive abilities [NEU+CRI]; Treating Hyperactivity [RA] ; Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) - Used in the treatment of mild autism [AUT via DW]

12.3 Associated with eyes (Effects=Visualization) [TOS]

13-27 - Beta Range (according to [NSS]) - Associated with focused attention towards external stimuli, alert mental activity, normal waking consciousness, & active thought processes. [NSS via DW]

13-30 - Beta Range - Normal wakefulness, the taking in & evaluating of various forms of data received through the senses. It's present with worry, anger, fear, hunger & surprise. [×] Waking state, motivation, outer awareness, survival, problem solving, arousal, dendrite growth, combats drowsiness [SS]; Conscious Thinking, Autonomic Processes & Emotions [EH]

[NSS] considers Beta to be 13-27 HZ, [AWI] considers it 14-38 HZ, [PWM] & [RA] consider it 13-40 HZ, and [VUG] (seems to) consider it 14-30 HZ. [CRI] lists it as either 12-36 or 14-36 - it contradicts itself in different parts of the article.
[NEU] breaks up Beta into ranges - Low Beta=12-15 HZ, Mid Beta=15-18 HZ, & High Beta=18.0+ HZ. [CRI] does as well.

13-40 Beta Range (according to [RA] + [PWM]) - a high frequency pattern, conducive to stimulating energy + action; most of our current institutionalized education is beta geared, characterized by logical, analytical, intellectual thinking, verbal communication, etc. [PWM via DW]

13.0 - Alleged sphincter resonance (mechanical)(not good) [TB]; Associated with Brow/Ajna chakra (Color=Indigo/Violet) (Body Parts=Pituitary,Lower Brain, Left Eye, Ears, Nose, Nervous System)(Effects=Visualization, Conceptualization)(Note=A) [OML]

13.8 - Associated with Frontal Lobes (Effects=the seventh sense, final decision) [TOS]

14-16 - associated with sleep spindles on EEG during second stage of sleep [EQ] [note SS said 10-14]

14-15 - Slows conditioned reflexes [SS]

14.0-30.0 - Beta Range (?I think? according to VUG) - This pattern is optimal for intense mental activities such as calculations, linear logical analyses & other highly structured functions [VUG via DW]

14.0 - Awake & alert [??]; Alert focusing, vitality, concentration on tasks [SS?]; Schumann Resonance (2nd of 7 frequencies. 7.83 HZ being the first) [TS+HSW]; pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]; Intelligence Enhancement in conjunction with 22.0 HZ (medium=audio-visual stimulation) [APE]

[APE] used audio-visual stimulation alternating between 14 & 22 HZ. Check the link under [APE]'s bibliography entry for more information.

14.1 "Earth Resonance" [SS]; Earth Harmonics - accelerated healing [DIV] (probably tied to Schumann Resonance above.)

15.0-18.0 Beta (mid) - increased mental ability, focus, alertness, IQ [NEU+CRI]; "alert but not agitated"/"aware of self & surroundings" [CRI]';

15-24 Euphoria [SS]

I will vouch for this one - I find binaurally produced tones between 18 HZ & 21 HZ have very pleasant results, in a jogger's high sort of way. This effect seems the strongest around 20 HZ. While other sources equate this frequency range with stress, I'm thinking it might be like the roar of a car engine - in small doses, it can be quite a rush, but too much of it can lead to a headache. The serotonin system is funny like that. [MPT]

15 - chronic pain [MB]; Sound which bypasses the ears for sublimination (auditory cortex) [RA]; Associated with Crown/Sahasrara chakra (Color=Violet/White) (Body Parts=Pineal, Upper Brain, Right Eye)(Effects=Integration of personality & spirituality.)(Note=B) [OML]

15.4 - Associated with Cortex (Effects=intelligence) [TOS]

16.0 - bottom limit of normal hearing [MP2]; Release oxygen & calcium into cells [CC]

16.4 Associated with top of head (Effects=spirit, liberation, transcendence) [TOS]

18.0-22.0 - Beta: outward awareness, sensory data [??] ; Throws brain's sodium/potassium levels out of balance, resulting in mental fatigue. [INT]; Theoretically can be used to achieve a "relaxed body/focus mind" state of consciousness [DW]

[INT] + [DW] seem to contradict each other here.

18.0+ Beta (high) - fully awake, normal state of alertness, stress & anxiety [NEU]; Significant improvements in memory, reading & spelling are reported (in conjunction with 10 HZ) [RUS via DW]; (used to) improve hyperactive behavior [PWM via DW]; Associated with mental activity like math + planning - alert, but may also be agitated [CRI]

20-30 Phospene imagery, peak luminosity in visual field [SS]

20-40 Meditation For Stress Relief/Just At The Edge Of Audible Sound/As A Musical Backround [RA]

20.0 - fatigue, energize. Causes distress during labor.[EQ]; Human Hearing Threshold [SS]; Schumann Resonance (3rd frequency of 7) [TS+HSW]; Imposing subconscious commands on another (thought center) [RA]; Stimulation of pineal gland [ESR][JB] ; Helps with tinnitis (a condition that causes ear-ringing) [JB]; Pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]; Adrenal Stimulant, (used on) sinus disorders/sinus infection/head cold/headache [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife Frequency [CR]

20.215 LSD-25 [PSI] (he implies it could mimic the effects of)

20.3 "Earth Resonance" [SS]

Probably the same thing as the Schumann Resonance at 20 HZ.

22.0 Used in conjunction with 14 HZ for intelligence enhancement (medium=audio-visual stimulation)[APE]; Used in conjunction with 40 HZ for 'out of body' travel [EWI via DW]; Also used with 40 HZ for psychic healing. [FAH via DW]

[APE] used audio-visual stimulation alternating between 14 and 22 HZ. Check the link under [APE]'s bibliography entry for more information.

22.027 Serotonin [PSI] (he's unclear what he means by this)

25.0 Bypassing the eyes for images imprinting (visual cortex) [RA]; Tested clinically with patients who complain of anxiety [PGS via DW]

26.0 Schumann Resonance (4th frequency of 7) [TS+HSW]; Pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]

26.4 "Earth Resonance" [SS]

27 - 44 Frequency range that cats purr at - said to have restorative effects on the body, particularly the 'healing and strengthening of bones' [BON]

27.5 lowest note on a piano [MP2]

30 Meg Patterson used for marijuana. [MB3]

30 - 60 Gamma Range - little known but includes decision making in a fear situation, muscle tension, [EH]

[INT] considers Gamma to start at 40 HZ.

30 - 190 Lumbago [AT]

30-500 High Beta: Not associated currently with any state of mind. Some effects have been observed, but currently not enough research has been done in this area, to prove, or disprove, anything.; a few people able to replicate at will (?? - not sure what that last point means)

Starting at 30 HZ, sources begin to seriously disagree over what the names of each range are.
[EH] considers 30 to be the beginning of the Gamma range, which it believes run to 60. It then considers 60 to 120 to be the Lambda range.
Incidentally, [INT] believes that 40 is where Beta ends & Gamma begins.

31.32 Schumann Resonance (5th frequency of 7) - pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]

[HSW] is a bit off from the other sources on the exact value of this overtone of the Schumann Resonance.

32 Desensitizer; enhanced vigour & alertness [MB]

33 Christ consciousness, hypersensitivity, Pyramid frequency (inside) ; Schumann Resonance (5th frequency of 7) [TS]

Funky coincidence it lines up with the Christ Consciousness & Pyramid frequency, eh? I've had some interesting results with this one -- particularly when I overlap waves at 9.0 HZ (pyramid outside frequency). The mind tends to wander in funny ways.

35 - 150 Fractures [AT]

35 - 193 Arthralgy [AT]

35 Awakening of mid-chakras, balance of chakras

36 - 44 Learning Frequencies, When [Actively] Studying Or Thinking. Helps To Maintain Alertness. Waking Operating State [RA]; Frequencies of the olfactory bulb, prepiriform cortex & amygdala [DSH via DW]; Coordinates simultaneous processing of information in different areas of the brain. Associated with high-level information processing. 'A good memory is associated with well-regulated & efficient 40 HZ activity, whereas a 40 HZ deficiency creates learning disabilities.' [CRI]

38 Endorphin release [WL]

39.0 Schumann Resonance [6th frequency of 7] [TS]

40-60 anxiolytic effects & stimulates release of beta-endorphines [MB]

43 - 193 Carcinomatosis [AT]

40.0 - dominant when problem solving in fearful situations. [EQ] ; Gamma - associated with information-rich task processing & high-level information processing [NEU]; "'For scientists who study the human brain, even its simplest act of perception is an event of astonishing intricacy. 40 Hz brain activity may be a kind of binding mechanism', said Dr. Rodolfo Llinas a professor of neuroscience at New York University. Llinas believes that the 40-cycle-per-second wave serves to connect structures in the cortex where advanced information processing occurs, and the thalamus, a lower brain region where complex relay & integrative functions are carried out." [NME via NEU]; Used in conjunction with 22 HZ for 'out of body' travel [EWI via DW]; Also used with 22 HZ for psychic healing. [FAH via DW]; "40--Hz activity varies from 38.8 to 40.1-Hz, regardless of the electrode site. The average frequency is in the ~39.5-Hz range. In summary, when the body is profoundly relaxed & the mind is in a state of high focus and concentration, 20 & 40-Hz brain activity can be seen in the raw and quantitative EEG of some subjects. It is possible that 18 to 22-Hz Beta & possibly 40-Hz neurofeedback training may help create a "relaxed body/focused mind" state of consciousness." [DW]; Activity in the ectosylvian & lateral cortex, medial geniculate, reticular formation, center median thalamus & hippocampus [ROW via DW]; Confirming Sheer et al.'s work,compared the EEG of middle- & high-I.Q. subjects during mental multiplication activity. A 40-Hz rhythm occurred just prior to the subject's answering the question. Forty--Hz pulses are thought to lead to synchronization + coordination of neurons assigned to the processing of incoming sensory stimulation. Put in "computerese," 40-Hz may be the brain's "operating system" frequency [GIA via DW] Involved In The Processing Of Psi Information (see note) [EMC]

Considered the dividing point between beta waves + gamma waves, although there's some disagreement about this. [INT] http://brain.web-us.com/40hz/default.htm
Gamblers were presented a computer screen with four playing cards shown on them, and then asked to guess which of the four cards would appear on the screen by itself next. Their guessing was about as accurate as random chance, BUT when they had their eyes on the correct card that would inevitably turn up, the amount of 40HZ activity registering in their brain was higher. Go here for more information: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/3668

45.0 Schumann Resonance (7th frequency of 7)[TS]

46.98 - Useful for "weird effects" (use with 62.64 HZ and 70.47 HZ) [TB]

[TB] gets the award for most ambiguous description. Although, I'm including it since it's a very specific frequency. I'll research it further and try to dig up some additional information.

50-60 Documented negative effects too numerous to mention There is no correlation given with signal strength or modality used, i.e. audio-visual, EMF, magnetic, electrostatic, gravitic. Also, most ELF research is now Govt classified, particularly since the mid-1960's when Hamer discovered behavioral effects as the result of applied sinusoidal field gradients as low as 4 volts. [SS via DW]

50.0 - dominant frequency of polyphasic muscle activity, mains electrical in U.K. [EQ]; Slower cerebral rhythms [??]

55.0 - Tantric yoga; stimulates the kundalini. [×]

60 - 120 Lambda Range - Little known but includes central nervous system activity [EH]

60 electric power lines

62.64 - Useful for "weird effects". (use with 46.98 HZ and 70.47 HZ) [TB]

63 Astral projection [×]

65.8 Associated with coccyx (small triangular bone at end of the spinal column) (higher octave of 2.06 HZ) [TOS]

70-9,000 Voice spectrum [MP1]

70 Mental & astral projection ; Endorphin production/used with electroanalgesia. [VPL]

70.47 Useful for "weird effects". (use with 46.98 HZ and 62.64 HZ) [TB]

72 Emotional spectrum [??]; Used on sinusitis/sinus infection/head cold [RS]

73.6 Associated with genitals (higher octave of 2.30 HZ) [TOS]

80 Awareness & control of right direction. Appears to be involved in stimulating 5-hydroxytryptamine production, with 160Hz. Combine with 2.5 Hz. [EQ]

82.3 Associated with bladder (higher octave of 2.57 HZ) [TOS]

83 Third eye opening for some people

85.5 Associated with intestines (higher octave of 2.67 HZ) [TOS]

90.0 - 111.0 Pleasure-producing beta-endorphins rise between these frequencies. [PSI]

In the MIDI scale, the notes that would fall in this range begin with F#3 and go up to A3. ["A3" being the fourth octave up -- since there's an A0, and A1, A2 lower than it.] Playing the F#3 and the A3 as a chord seems to function as a good painkiller. An additional undertone in the alpha range of frequencies sometimes helps too. [Try adding a tone around 12.5 HZ].

90.0 Good feelings, security, well-being, balancing [??]

95.0-125.0 Acoustical Resonances of Assorted Ancient Structures [ACS via DW]

95.0 Use for pain along with 3040 HZ [ESR]

98.4 Associated with hara (3cm or 1.5 inch below navel, balance of pelvis) (higher octave of 3.07 HZ) [TOS]

100 Can help with pain [used with electrical stimulation] [CMP]

The site specifically mentions it can be good for pain initially, but then recommends using 0.5 or 1.5 to treat pain.

105 Overall view of complete situation

108 Total knowing

110.0 Frequency associated with stomach. [Note=A] [BH1][BH4]; Associated with ovaries (Effects=vitality, life at very level) (higher octave of 3.84 HZ) [TOS]

111 Beta endorphins [MB2]. cell regeneration [??]

117.3 Frequency associated with Pancreas [Note=C#] [BH1][BH4]

120 - 500 P.S.I., moving of objects, changing matter, transmutation, psychokinesis

120 Helps with fatigue (Medium=pad)[JB]; (used on) sinus disorders/sinus infection/head cold [RS]

125 Graham potentializer; Stimulation [MH]; (used on) sinusitis [RS]

126.22 - Sun, 32nd octave of Earth year [HC]; The Frequency Of The Sun (Note=C) (Color=Green) (Tempo=118.3 BPM) (Chakra=Manipura, also called Hara {associated with Navel & 3rd lumbar vertebrae}) (Effects=advances the feeling of centering of magic & of the transcendental) [HC/Planetware website]

There seems to be a little disagreement between [HC] & [HC/Planetware] over what exactly this is the frequency of - [HC] ties this into the period it takes the earth to revolve around the sun, while [HC/Planetware] says this is the frequency it would take an imaginary planet to orbit the outside edge of the sun. My money is on the second, since there is another frequency that is given for the Earth year. (136.1 HZ)

This is tricky to paraphrase, so here it is as it appeared on the Planetware website :

"Meditation carried out to this tone will lead to state beyond good and bad, shame and guilt, beyond space and time, knowledge and wisdom, action and rest an being and not-being. It leads to a state where being has no name, to a state where the all-one and the all encompassing are no longer separate entities but are reunited at their one common origin, the origin that is also you."

132.0 Associated with kidneys (Effects=strength) (higher octave of 4.11 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with coccyx (small triangular bone at end of the spinal column) (higher octave of 2.06 HZ) [TOS]

136.1 Sun: light, warmth, joy, animus [RV]; Resonates with the earth year (Note=C#) (Color=Turqouise Green) (Effects=calming, meditative, relaxing, centering) [PSI]; Period it takes earth to revolve around sun (Tempo=63.8*127.6) (Chakra=Anahate/Heart chakra)(Effects=relaxing, soothing, balancing, harmony with the cosmos, associated with the soul {"frequency of the soul}) (Medicinal=Sedative) (Other=significant tone in Indian music {called it the "sadja" or "father to others" - it was a keynote} - corresponds to "OM" & the Christian "AMEN") [HC/Planetware website]

Note : [PSI] seems to disagree a bit with the original source on the list. [PSI] says this one calms/centers, while the original source seems to associate it with happiness. Also some disagreement between [RV] and [HC/Planetware], once associating this with the sun, and the other associating this with the frequency with the earth year. I suppose you could associate the earth year with the sun, since it's the time it takes the earth to go around the sun, but 126.22 HZ uses "frequency of the sun" in a little different context. See the comments with that frequency for more.

140.25 Pluto: power, crisis & changes [??]; Frequency associated with the orbit of Pluto; (Note=C#) (Color=blue-green) (Tempo=65.7 * 131.4 BPM) (Effects = support the magic group dynamic principle and is said to be responsible for integration into certain structures of society) [HC/Planetware website]

141.27 Mercury: intellectuality, mobility [??]; Frequency associated with orbit of Mercury (Note=C# or D) (Color=blue-green or blue) (Tempo=66.2) (Chakra=Vishudda/Throat chakra) (Effects=Supports speech center and communicative-intellectual principle, associated with communication and cleverness) [HC/Planetware]

[HC/Planetware] says the frequencies of planets revolving around the sun are less important than those of the moon, sun, and Earth.
Again, I'm not sure how [HC/planetware] is associating these frequencies with these chakras. {shrugs}
A discrepancy in the note and color - they're both given twice - once as C# and blue-green, the second time as D and blue.
[HC/Planetware] and [BH] seem to associate different frequencies with the revolutions of each planet - these frequencies are determined by HC/Planetware by taking higher octaves of the actual period - octaves that are in the audible range. [BH] might use even higher octaves than [HC/Planetware] does, or some other method completely.

144.0 (helps with) headaches (Medium=pad)[JB]

144.72 Mars: activity, energy, freedom, humor [??] ; Frequency associated with the orbit of Mars (Note=D) (Color=blue) (Tempo=67.8 * 135.6 BPM) (Effect : Supports strength of will and focused energy, ability for achievement) [HC/Planetware]

146.0 (used on) sinus infection/head cold [RS]

147.0 Associated with the spleen/blood (Effects=Emotional Impulse) (higher octave of 4.6 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with genitals (higher octave of 2.30 HZ) [TOS]

147.85 Saturn: separation, sorrow, death [??]; Frequency associated with orbit of Saturn (Note=D) (Color=Blue) (Tempo=69.3 * 138.6 BPM) (Effects=enhances concentration and the process of becoming conscious + shows very clearly karmic connections, brings structure and order - is considered to be a cosmic controller) [HC/Planetware]

I'm not completely sure what the dual tempo means. I'll have to research that further.

160.0 Appears to be involved in stimulating 5-hydroxytryptamine production, with 80 Hz. [EQ]; Use for rapid relief from headaches [ESR]; used on sinus infection/head cold [RS]

164.3 Frequency associated with Gall Bladder [Note=E] [BH1][BH4]

165.0 Associated with stomach (Effects=Emotional Acceptance) (higher octave of 5.14 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with bladder (higher octave of 2.57 HZ) [TOS]

171.0 Associated with lungs (Effects=Oxygen, Heat) (higher octave of 5.35 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with intestines (higher octave of 2.67 HZ) [TOS]

172.06 - Resonates with the Platonic year {about 26,000 years} (Note=F) (Color=purple-violet) (Effects=joyful, cheerful, spiritual effect) [PSI]; The Frequency Of The Platonic Year (Color=red-violet {purple}) (Tempo=80.6 BPM) (Chakra=Sahasrar/Crown chakra) (Effects=cheerfulness, clarity of spirit, cosmic unity on highest levels) (Medicinal=antidepressive) (Other=F is considered the tone of the spirit, and had a lot of significance to the Chinese)

Other sources [PM] disagree about the tone F being associated with the Crown chakra, which is how HC/Planetware connects this frequency to the crown chakra. [PM] considers the crown chakra to be associated with the B note, and not F.

176.0 - Frequency associated with the colon. [Note=F or F#] [BH1][BH4]

183.58 - Jupiter: growth, success, justice, spirituality [??] ; Frequency associated with the orbit of Jupiter (Note=F#) (Color=Red) (Tempo=86.05 * 172.1 BPM) (Effects : supports creative power and continuous construction) (Associated with Jupiter : Generosity, Continuity, Magnanimity, Joviality) [HC/planetware website]

185.0 - (used on) sinus infection/head cold [RS]

187.61 frequency of "moon culmination" ; [HC/planetware website]

194.18 frequency of Synodic "Earth" Day {the "day tone"} (Note=G) (Color=Orange Red) (Tempo=91.0 BPM) (Chakra=Muladhar/Base chakra) (Effects = dynamic, vitalizing)(Medicinal="tonifies") (Other="weather determining" spheric frequency, influences proteins, brings one into harmony with nature") [HC/planetware website]

Note : By "weather determining", [HC/planetware] seems to imply that somebody tuned into this frequency may be able to predict the weather in the short-term future. I'm just a little, little bit skeptical of this one, but if anybody has any luck with it, let me know.
I'm not sure how [HC/planetware] is associating these chakras to these frequencies. It doesn't seem to be based on the note, since G isn't the note typically associated with the base chakra [per PM]. The associations might tie in with something astrological instead. {shrugs}.

194.71 - Earth: stability, grounding [??]; Key Of G resonates with frequency of earth day, the color orange-red, & has a dynamic, stimulating, and energizing effect on the body-mind. [PSI]

There seems to be some disagreement between [PSI] and the original source for this list. [PSI] associates this frequency with energizing, while the original source associates it with stability/grounding.
I think this one, and the one right below it [197.71 HZ] might be based on the same thing. One source might have done a typo, and then other sources based their information from that.

197.0 Associated with heart (Effects=love,warmth) (higher octave of 6.15) [TOS]; Associated with hara (3cm or 1.5 inch below navel, balance of pelvis) (higher octave of 3.07 HZ) [TOS]

197.71 frequency of Sideric Day ; [HC/planetware website]

207.36 - Uranus: spontaneity, independence, originality [??]; Frequency associated with orbit of Uranus {insert one of dozens of bad jokes here} (Note=G#) (Color=Orange) (Tempo = 97.2 BMP) (Effects = supports the power of surprise and renewal, has primeval and erotic power) [HC/planetware website]

210.42 frequency of Synodic Moon (Note=G#) (Color=orange) (Tempo=98.6 BPM) (Chakra=Svadisthan {2nd Chakra}) (Effects=stimulates sexual energy, supports erotic communication) (Medicinal=regulation of menstruation, disturbances in the gland and lymph system) [HC/planetware website]

211.44 - Neptune: the unconscious, secrets, imagination, spiritual love [??]; frequency associated with orbit of Neptune (Note=G#) (Color=orange) (Tempo=99.1 BPM) (Effects = supports intuition, the unconsciousness, and enhances the dream experience) [HC/planetware website]

220.0 Frequency associated with lungs. [Note = A] [BH1][BH4] Associated with collarbones (Effects=vitality, overall balance, stability) (higher octave of 6.88 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with ovaries (Effects=vitality, life at very level) (higher octave of 3.84 HZ) [TOS]

221.23 - Venus: beauty, love, sexuality, sensuality, harmony [??]; Frequency associated with the orbit of Venus (Note=A) (Color=yellow-orange) (Tempo=103.7 BPM) (Chakra=Ajna/Third Eye) (Effects=supports higher love energy and aspiration for harmony) [HC/planetware website]

227.43 frequency of Sideric Moon ; [HC/planetware website]

229.22 frequency of Metonic Cycle [related to moon] ; [HC/planetware website]

234.16 frequency of Moon knot ; [HC/planetware website]

241.56 frequency of Saros periode ; [related to moon] ; [HC/planetware website]

246.04 frequency of Apsidis rotation ; [related to moon] ; [HC/planetware website]

250.0 Elevate and revitalize

254.57 Frequency associated with orbit of Icarus (asteroid) [MPT]

256.0 Root Chakra (1:1) (Note=C) [BH3]

263.0 Associated with mouth (Effects=speech, creativity) (higher octave of 8.22 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with kidneys (Effects=strength) (higher octave of 4.11 HZ) [TOS]

264.0 Related to Personality somehow. (Note=C+) [BH4]

272
33rd octave of Earth year [HC]

272.0 Frequency associated with Selenium (mineral nutrient) (Note=C#) [BH]

272.2 Frequency associated with orbit of Earth (Note=C#) [BH2]

273.0 Transpersonal Chakra (1:15) [Note=C#] (Earth Orbit 272) [BH3]

280.5 Frequency associated with orbit of Pluto [Note=C#] [BH2]

281.0 - Frequency associated with Intestines [Note=C#] [BH1]

281.6 - Frequency associated with Small Intestine [Note=C#] [BH4]

282.4 - Frequency associated with orbit of Mercury. [Note=D] [BH2]

288.0 - Polarity Chakra (9:1) [Note=D] (Mars Orbit 289) [BH3]

289.4 - Frequency associated with orbit of Mars. [Note=D] [BH2]

293.0 - "unknown" Chakra (1:14) (Note=D+) (Saturn Orbit 296) [BH3]

I take it by D+, she means a note somewhere between D and D#. A quarter note, perhaps. [MPT]

294.0 - Associated with the upper lip (Effects=emotions, conflict resolution) (higher octave of 9.19 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with the spleen/blood (Effects=Emotional Impulse) (higher octave of 4.6 HZ) [TOS]

295.7 - Frequency associated with orbit of Saturn (Note=D#) [BH2]

295.8 - Frequency associated with Fat Cells (Note=C#) [BH1][BH4]

296.07 - Frequency associated with orbit of Toutatis (asteroid) [MPT]

304.0 - Useful on headaches (medium=pad); sedation and pain relief (medium=tube) [JB+KFL] ; (useful for) blood pressure, (and with) stiff muscles (KFL); Frequency associated with Potassium (mineral nutrient) (Note=D#) [BH]

310.7 - Frequency associated with spin of Neptune (Note=Eb) [BH2]

315.0 - Diaphragm Chakra (10:1) (Note=Eb) [BH3]

315.8 - Frequency associated with Brain (Note=Eb) [BH1]

317.83 - Frequency associated with Liver (Note=Eb) [BH1][BH4]

319.88 - Frequency associated with Kidney (Note=Eb) [BH1][BH4]

320.0 - Solar Plexus Chakra (10:1) (Note=Eb) [BH3]; Frequency associated with Calcium (mineral nutrient) (Note=E or Eb) [BH]

321.9 - Frequency associated with blood. (Note=E or Eb) [BH1][BH4]

324.0 - Frequency associated with muscles. (Note=E) [BH1][BH4]

329.0 Associated With Nasal Passages (Effects=breathing, taste) (higher octave of 10.3 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with stomach (Effects=Emotional Acceptance) (higher octave of 5.14 HZ) [TOS]

330.0 Used to treat allergies in conjunction with 3 HZ [RS]

333.0 (used on) sinus infection/head cold [RS]

332.8 - Frequency associated with orbit of Sun (Note=E) [BH2]

When [BH2] says the "orbit of the sun", I believe she means how long it would take an imaginary planet to orbit around the sun's outer boundary [circumfrence]. This is how [HC/planetware] made this calculation - the period is then lowered a few octaves to get it into the audible sound range. That's how [HC/planetware] does most of its calculations, and probably how [BH] does it as well. [HC/planetware], when lowering [or in the case of planets raising] the octave, seems to gun for lower tones than [BH] does. The [HC/planetware] tones would be a little "bassier". Which is probably why the frequencies of all these astronomical phenomena that [HC/planetware] gives doesn't line up with the frequencies that [BH] gives.

336.0 - Frequency associated with Molybdenum (mineral nutrient) [BH]

341.0 - Heart Chakra (1:12) (Note=F) [BH3]

342.0 - Associated with ears (Effects=hearing, formal concepts) (higher octave of 13.8 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with lungs (Effects=Oxygen, Heat) (higher octave of 5.35 HZ) [TOS]

352.0 - Frequency associated with bladder. (Note=F) [BH1][BH4]; Thymus Chakra (11:1) (Note=F#) [BH3]

There seems to be a discrepancy here as to which note this frequency is. [BH] cites both F and F#. [MPT]

367.0 - (used on) sinus infection/head cold [RS]

367.2 - Frequency associated with orbit of Jupiter (Note=F#) [BH2]

368.09 - Frequency associated with orbit of Apollo (asteroid) [MPT]

372.0 - "unknown" Chakra (1:11) (Note=G#) (Earth Spin 378) [BH3]

375.70 - Frequency associated with the orbit of Eros (asteroid) [MPT]

378.5 - Frequency associated with spin of Earth. (Note=F#) [BH2]

380.96 - Frequency associated with orbit of Ida (asteroid) [MPT]

384.0 - "Gurdjieff vibration associated with root chakra. Sixth harmonic of six, center of the brainwave spectrum." [RP]; Throat Chakra (12:1) (Note=G) [BH3]; Frequency associated with Chromium (mineral nutrient) (Note=G?) [BH]

389.4 - Frequency associated with spin of Mars. (Note=G) [BH2]

393.0 - Associated with eyes (Effects=Visualization) (higher octave of 12.3) [TOS]; Associated with heart (Effects=love,warmth) (higher octave of 6.15) [TOS]

393.34 - Frequency associated with orbit of Pallas (asteroid) [MPT]

394.76 - Frequency associated with orbit of Ceres (asteroid) [MPT]

396 - G (musical note) [PL]

400 Seems to decongest [KFL]; Frequency associated with Manganese (mineral nutrient) (Note=G or G#) [BH]

405 - Violet [PL]

408.7 - Frequency associated with orbit of Juno (asteroid) [MPT]

409.1 - Frequency associated with spin of Venus (Note=G#) [BH2]

410.0 - "unknown" Chakra (1:10) (Note=Ab) (Venus Spin 409) [BH3]

414.7 - Frequency associated with orbit of Uranus (Note=G#) [BH2]

416.0 - Psychic Center Chakra (13:1) (Note=Ab) (Uranus Orbit 415) [BH3]; Frequency associated with Iron (mineral nutrient) (Note=Ab) [BH]

418.3 - Frequency associated with bones (Note=Ab) [BH1][BH4]

420.82 - Moon: love, sensitivity, creativity, femininity, anima

421.3 - Frequency associated with orbit of moon (Note=Ab) [BH2]; Also associated with spin of Mercury, but here, she lists the Note as "A" [BH2].

422.8 - Frequency associated with orbit of Neptune (Note=Ab) [BH2]

424.0 - (used on) Fatigue (medium=pad) [JB]; Frequency associated with Iodine (mineral nutrient) (Note=Ab) [BH]

430.8 - Frequency associated with spin of Uranus (Note=Ab) [BH2]

438 - Indigo

440 - A (musical note) ; Associated with Frontal Lobes (Effects=the seventh sense, final decision) (higher octave of 13.8) [TOS]; Associated with collarbones (Effects=vitality, overall balance, stability) (higher octave of 6.88 HZ) [TOS]

442.0 - Frequency associated with orbit of Venus. (Note=A) [BH2]

448.0 - Third Eye Chakra (14:1) (Note=A) [BH3]

445.0 - ["unknown"] Chakra (1:9) (Note=Bb) (Venus Orbit 442) [BH3]

That's what [BH] put. "unknown" [MPT]

455.4 - Frequency associated with spin of Saturn (Note=A#) [BH2]

456.0 - (used on) sinusitis/sinus infection/head cold [RS]

461.67 - Frequency associated with orbit of Vesta (asteroid) [MPT]

464.0 - Frequency associated with Copper (mineral nutrient) (Note=Bb) [BH]; (used on) sinus infections/head colds w/ 728hz,784hz & 880hz [RS]

473 - Blue

473.9 - Frequency associated with spin of Jupiter (Note=Bb) [BH2]

480 - Crown Chakra (15 : 1) (Note=B) [BH3]; Frequency associated with Phosphorous & Zinc (mineral nutrients) (Note=B) [BH]

486.2 - Frequency associated with spin of Pluto (Note=B) [BH2]

492.0 - Frequency associated with Spleen (Note=B) [BH4]; Associated with Cortex (Effects=intelligence) (higher octave of 15.4 HZ) [TOS]

492.8 - Frequency associated with Adrenals (Note=B) [BH1]; Associated with Adrenals, Thyroid & Parathyroid [BH4]

493.00 - Frequency associated with the orbit of Gaspra (asteroid) [MPT]

495 - B (musical note)

495.25 - Frequency associated with orbit of Castalia (asteroid) [MPT]

497.1 - Frequency associated with spin of Sun. (Note=B) [BH2]

500.0 - (used to treat) Anthrax (medium=tube) [JB]

Disclaimer!! - If you legitly think you have anthrax, do NOT rely on my stupid frequency chart. Go see a doctor. However, if you do want to tinker around, this frequency was used as an EM field, not a sound. I'm not sure if it would work as a sound. Use at your own risk. (That goes for the other anthrax/smallpox frequencies too.)

520.0 - (used on) Headaches (medium=pad) [JB]

522.0 - (used on) sinus infection/head cold [RS]

526 - Associated with top of head (Effects=spirit, liberation, transcendence) (higher octave of 16.4 HZ) [TOS] ; Associated with mouth (Effects=speech, creativity) (higher octave of 8.22 HZ) [TOS]

527 - Green

528 - C (musical note)

542 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

569 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

580 - Yellow

586.0 - Associated with Circulation & Sex (Note=C#) [BH4]

588.0 - Associated with the upper lip (Effects=emotions, conflict resolution) (higher octave of 9.19 HZ)[TOS]

594 - D (musical note)

597 - Orange

620 - Keely Frequency (use with 630 and 12000) [TB]

630 - Keely Frequency (use with 620 & 12000) [TB]

633 - Bio-energetic frequency for Anthracinum (i.e. anthrax vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ before even playing with this. [RS]

658 - Associated With Nasal Passages (Effects=breathing, taste) (higher octave of 10.3 HZ) [TOS]

660 - E (musical note)

664 - (used for) Fatigue (medium=pad) [JB]

685 - Associated with ears (Effects=hearing, formal concepts) (higher octave of 13.8 HZ) [TOS]

700 - Red

704 - F (musical note)

727 (used on) Allergies, Sinusitis [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [CR]

728 - (used on) sinus infections/head colds w/ 784hz,880hz & 464hz. [RS]

784 -(used on) sinus infections/head colds w/ 728hz,880hz & 464hz. [RS]

787 - Associated with eyes (Effects=Visualization) (higher octave of 12.3) [TOS]; (used to treat) Allergies, Sinusitis [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [CR]

800 - Commonly used "cure-all" Rife Frequency [CR]

802 - (used on) sinusitis with 1550 HZ; (used on) sinus infection/head colds [RS]

820 - (used on) sinus infection/head colds [RS]

832 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

880 - Associated with Frontal Lobes (Effects=the seventh sense, final decision) (higher octave of 13.8) [TOS]; (used on) Allergies, Sinusitis [RS]; (used on) sinus infections/head colds w/ 728hz,784hz & 464hz. [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife Frequency [CR]

952 - (used on) sinus infection/head colds [RS]

965 - Relaxes muscles, especially those of the neck [KFL]

984 - Associated with Cortex (Effects=intelligence) (higher octave of 15.4) [TOS]

1000 - Cerebral neurons

1052 - Associated with top of head (Effects=spirit, liberation, transcendence) (higher octave of 16.4 HZ) [TOS]

1500 - (used on) sinus infection/head colds [RS]

1550 - (used on) sinusitis with 802 HZ, (used on) sinus infections/head colds [RS];

1552 - (used on) eye disorders [KFL]

1600 - (used on) eye disorders [ESR]

2025 - Proton Precession/Water Resonance [TB]

2675 - "The Crystal Resonator". A subharmonic of the frequency of quartz crystal. "extremely effective for charging and clearing quartz crystals .. useful for clearing and balancing of their own energies. Some claim it energize crystals in the brain. Others say that it activates aspects of the auric field. " (medium=sound/tuning fork) [JG]

3222 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

3040 - Use for pain along with 95 HZ [ESR]

4186 - highest note on a piano [MP2]

4400 - (used on) sinus infections/head colds - try scanning between 4384 & 4416 by intervals of 8 HZ. [RS]

5000-8000 HZ - recharge "brain batteries" most rapidly. Fastest recharge at 8000 HZ. "The anxiety-easing, memory-expanding 60-beat tempo creates easy communication with the subconscious mind." [PSI]

5000 - Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [TB+CR]; (used on) allergies, sinus infections/head colds - short use only -- long exposures destroy red blood cells. [RS/KFL]

9999 - General vitality & energy [KFL]

10,000 - Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [TB+CR]; (used to treat) alcoholism, allergies, headaches [RS]

12,000 HZ - Keely Frequency (use with 620 HZ & 630 HZ) [TB]

16,000 - 20,000 - Upper range for normal hearing [MP2]

23,000 up - Hypersonic Sounds [above human hearing]

38000 - 40000 HZ - Magic Window [EX via MM+TB]

42800 HZ - Aetheric dissociation/water resonance (water -> aetheric
force) [TB]

------- Note - down from this point are KHZ [kilohertz] values, not HZ values

150-160 KHZ - Magic Window [EX via MM+TB]

180 KHZ - Ferromagnetism [TB]

------- Note - down from this point are MHZ [megahertz?] values, not HZ values

1.1-1.3 MHZ - Magic Window [EX via MM+TB]

388 MHZ - Alleged to cause damage/disruption to humans [TB]

------- Note - down from this point are GHZ [gigahertz?] values, not HZ values

1.057 GHZ - Magic Window [EX via MM+TB]

------- Note - down from this point are PHZ [Petahertz] values, not HZ values (1 PHZ = 1,000,000,000,000,000 HZ.)

10 PHZ - Magic Window in the near ultra-violet range [EX via MM+TB]; "life energy" frequency [EX via MM]

=============================ABBREVIATIONS=================

AA "Gates, States, Rhythms, and Resonances: The Scientific Basis of Neurofeedback Training", Andrew Abarbanel, Ph.D., M.D.

ACS "Acoustical Resonances of Assorted Ancient Structures", R. G. Jahn, P. Devereux, and M. Ibison (1996) "Rudimentary acoustical measurements performed inside six diverse Neolithic structures revealed that each sustained a strong resonance at a frequency between 95 and 120 Hz. Despite major differences in chamber shapes and sizes, the resonant modal patterns all featured strong antinodes at the outer walls, with appropriately configured nodes and antinodes interspersed toward the central source. In some cases, interior and exterior rock drawings resembled these acoustical patterns. Since the resonant frequencies are well within the adult male voice range, one may speculate that some forms of human chanting, enhanced by the cavity resonance, were invoked for ritual purposes." http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/Order_29.html

APE Academic Performance Enhancement with Photic Stimulation and EDR Feedback, Thomas Budzynski, Ph.D, John Jordy, M.Ed. & others. Journal of Neurotherapy, http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/Vol3/JNT(3-3)2.htm

AS AlphaStim (research survey)

AT Auriculotherapy device information from Bentek Corp. Earlobe type electrodes are specified for some conditions, TENS or ECG type electrodes for others. Device has two channels, indicated for each ailment.

AUT "Positive Outcome With Neurofeedback Treatment In a Case of Mild Autism", Arthur G. Sichel, Lester G. Fehmi, and David M. Goldstein http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(1-1)8.html

AWI The Anna Wise Center, http://www.annawise.com

BAR BiologicalAgeReversor (Brainwave Generator preset), TheMind2 (alias), http://www.bwgen.com/presets/desc129.htm

BER Hans Berger, German Psychiatrist, 1929

BON Bone-healing/Restorative "Purring Frequencies" (Brainwave Generator preset), Created by : weap0ner@aol.com, http://www.bwgen.com/presets/desc186.htm

BH Barbara Hero, http://members.aol.com/Lambdom3/Chakras.html - the data comes from the following tables on her site :

BH1 NOTES AND FREQUENCIES OF THE ORGANS OF THE BODY
BH2 ORBITS AND SPINS OF OUR PLANETS
BH3 CHAKRA ENERGY CENTERS OF OUR BODIES.
BH4 COMPARISON OF PARTS OF THE BODY BASED ON THE SPEED OF SOUND THROUGH EACH ORGAN TO THE ABOVE (1996). Barbara Hero

Note - some of the captions she includes are kind of vague, although I included them as they were. [MPT]

CA Compleat Astrologer, Derek & Julia Parker for slower physiological rhythms.

CAV "Cavanagh" (1972)

[DW] associates Cavanagh with research done regarding brainwave frequencies and memory. He didn't give much information about [CAV], though.

CC Robert Becker, MD quoted in the book "Cross Currents" by Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc., Los Angeles, 1990 http://www.nexusmagazine.com/DecloakingPathogens.html

CMP Owner's Manual for the Alpha-Stim® 100 microcurrent stimulator brand of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, Complementary Medical Products Ltd., http://reiddds.com/products/100oman.html

CR Crane List, via the compiled lists on Turf's Electroherbalism Page.

These are Rife-style frequencies, intended to be generated through an electromagnetic means. See glossary entry for Rife for more information.

CRI Crossroads Institute, "Brainwaves and EEG - the language of the brain", http://www.crossroadsinstitute.org/eeg.html

DSH Daniel Sheer [psycho-physiologist]

DIV Deep Mind IV (Brainwave Generator preset), James R Plazo http://www.bwgen.com/presets/desc111.htm

James R Plazo is associated with some group called Exceed International, but the URL for their website didn't seem to work.

DW - Re: [bwgen] Water sound effect after listening theta waves, Dennis Webber, Yahoo Groups! : BWGEN, Tue Jul 24, 2001 2:55 pm, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/2024

EH One Way To Improve Sleep, The Equinox Alternative [Etonhall], http://www.etonhall.com/hol4.htm

I'm wondering if this and [EQ] are the same source. [MPT]

EMC "40 HZ Brain Activity, Consciousness, and PSI" [a snippet of the article posted by "emcshadow" on the BWGen message board.] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/3668

I need to research this one further - I haven't seen a copy of the complete report/article, and it was never mentioned who conducted the research.

EQ Octaves and windows, Equinox, April 88

ESR Table of ElectroSpectrum Rife Device Frequency Codes VS.
Actual Frequency (in HZ) Output. Archived via the compiled lists on Turf's Electroherbalism Page. (These are Rife-style frequencies - see Rife glossary entry.)

EX Excalibur Briefing, Thomas E Bearden

I'm still collecting information on this source. I learned about it from MM, which acts as a secondary source. This is another source that likely used an EM device rather than sound or vibration.

EWI An unpublished work done by Dr. Edgar Wilson & students of the Monroe Institute who were attempting to have an out-of-body experience. He found that as the students moved out-of-the-body, their beta activity increased dramatically at T3 and/or T4 with the highest amplitudes appearing at 22 & 40 -Hz. (John F. Gilbert, Ph.D. & Robert Moroney, D.A., CPPS.) http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-1)5.html

FAH Dr. Steven Fahrion presented a paper a couple of years ago concerning his work with healers and reported much the same results (as EWI). Perhaps these papers will be published at some future date. (John F. Gilbert, Ph.D. and Robert Moroney, D.A., CPPS.) http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-1)5.html

GIA Giannitrapani (1969)

HC Hans Cuosto, Cosmic Octave, Life Rhythm

[Note - MPT - more on the cosmic octave at Planetware website http://www.planetware.de/tone/table.html ]
The HC entries are meant to be used with sound or possibly vibration -- HC advocated using tuning forks on precise body parts, if I remember correctly.

HOF Hoffman, Stockdale, Hicks, & Schwaninger, 1995.

Note : the article was posted elsewhere : http://www.crosswynd.com/encounters.htm

INT Intelegen, Inc (website) http://brain.web-us.com/binaural.htm

JB James Bare, ("Bare book") Archived via the compiled lists on Turf's Electroherbalism Page.

Need to gather more information on this source - no book name is given, unfortunately. These are Rife-style frequencies however. See Rife glossary entry.

JG Jonathan Goldman, Sound Healing With Sound Healer Jonathan Goldman (website), http://www.healingsounds.com/.

The information was on his "tuning forks" page, but it looks as though as he cut some of it out. I'm not sure if all the frequencies are still represented there.

KFL ?? Kinnaman, Kinnaman Frequency List And Possible Effects, Archived via the compiled lists on Turf's Electroherbalism Page. (See note for CR bibliography entry.)

No first name is given for this person - sorry. Also, these are Rife-style frequencies. Be sure to check out the Rife glossary entry if you want to play around with them.

LUB "ADD/ADHD" ; Lubar, 1991.

MAG "Megabrain" (article name), Magical Blend Magazine, P. 0. Box 11303, San Francisco, Ca 94101, USA, Found at : http://www.chscene.ch/ccc/habi2/134_megabrain.html

MB Megabrain Germany

MB2 = Megabrain Report, v1 #2; MB3 = Megabrain Report #3, p. 19

MH Mind Expanding Machines: Can the GP Do for the Brain What Nautilus Does for the Body?, by Michael Hutchison, New Age Journal July/Aug 87 Graham potentializer not in production.

MM Micromercurial Maze [website] http://geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/2888/

There's a lot of useful frequency-related information on this page - but most of the frequencies mentioned are likely intended to be generated through electromagnetic means, rather than audio means.

MMF Melinda Mansfield - Researcher

MP1 Chant: The Healing Power of Voice and Ear, an interview with Alfred Tomatis, M.D., by Tim Wilson, in Music: Physician for Times to Come, an anthology by Don Campbell

MP2 Sonic Entrainment, by Jonathan S. Goldman, in Music: Physician for Times to Come, an anthology by Don Campbell

MPT Hey, this denotes the frequencies I calculated by myself for the revolutions of the various asteroids. I'm not going to claim said tones have some funky new-age meaning, although they would be the actual "tones" of the asteroid's revolution, risen to a high enough octave to be heard as a sound. I generated the frequencies of the asteroids using the following method :

Step 1) Find a table that gives the revolution times of the asteroids (most give them in years). Here's one : http://supernova7.apsc.csi.cuny.edu/res-tabl.html
Step 2) Divide 1 by the number of years an asteroid takes to complete a revolution. (This will give you the fraction of a revolution it completes in one year.)
Step 3) Divide by 365 (to get value into days). Then divide by 24 (to get value into hours). Then divide by 60 (to get value into minutes). And divide by 60 again (to get value into seconds).
Step 4) So, you're left with the amount of the revolution an asteroid completes in one second. Since this frequency is very small, you need to raise it until its into the range of audio sound. Now, begin doubling the number - this raises the octave of it. Higher octaves have a higher pitch, but are the same note. Keep doubling the value until it's 100 HZ or higher. (I find sometimes lower-pitched tones have more impact than the higher-pitched ones, which can drive you bonkers if they're -too- high.)

NEU Neural Frequency Association Listings, The Neuro Matrix site - http://www.futuredynamicadvantage.com/neuromatrix/neuro_matrix.html

NME "A New Theory of Consciousness", HEALTH/SCIENCE, New Mexican April 7, 1995

NSS Neurosync Software

NYT New York Times Science Section, 1989

OML Chakra Reference Chart, http://OMLOGOS.COM

The chart seems to imply that higher octaves of those frequencies also are associated with the chakras mentioned, since it uses them in a musical context, saying that the Crown chakra is associated with the "musical series of B", for example.

PL Power of Limits (see Accords chart) for colors and notes.

PGS "Sub-threshold 10--Hz Sound Suppresses EEG Theta: Clinical Application for the Potentiation of Neurotherapeutic Treatment of ADD/ADHD", Paul G. Swingle, Ph.D., C. Psych. http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-1)3.html

PM Color Therapy, Downtown Express Productions,LLC.
Peaceful Mind-Alternative Medicine And Therapies [website] http://www.peacefulmind.com/color_therapy.htm

PSI PsiliPharm, "5,000 HZ Frequencies To Boost Growth Of Plants", Cannibis.Com,

He reportedly got the information from other sources, including a book called Superlearning 2000, which is about ways of learning more efficiently.

PWM "Playing With Your Mind", Patricia Chamberlain, Unlimited Human magazine. March 1993.

QG China Healthways Inst.

[Note - MPT - China Healthways website.]

RA Brainwave Entrainment Frequencies, Ray Auxillon, June 15th, 1999. http://members.tripod.com/~speculation/brainwave.html

The entry at 3HZ was a reference to experiments conducted by Glen Solomon in the 80s using a device called a Dzidra Glass. This was a visual means of brainwave entrainment, rather than an audio means.
The entry at 10HZ was a reference to experiments conducted by Norman Shealy, who studied the effects of 10 HZ photic stimulation. (brainwave entrainment using pulsing lights rather than sound)

ROW Rowland (1968)

RP Astral Travel with Orgone Energy Machine, Ray A. Proper, Fry's Incredible Inquiry

RS Reid Smith, an assortment of frequency tables from various sources that RS compiled. Archived via the compiled lists on Turf's Electroherbalism Page.

Those frequencies listed that were compiled by Reid Smith are Rife-style frequencies - see glossary entry for Rife.

RUS Russell And Carter in a blind study (need to research this one for more info.)

RV Primordial Tones: Meditation on the Archetypal Energies of Celestial Bodies, Joachim-Ernst Berendt, ReVision, Summer 1987 for planets.

RVX Remote Viewing : The Story Of The Real X-Files, Paranormal Management Systems, http://www.fastnet.co.uk/pms/real_x.htm

SED The Sedona Sound Experience (website), R. Brian Caldwell, http://www.metasonics.com/

SS Silent Sounds website - http://www.mindspring.com/~silent/menu.htm

[Note - MPT - most likely not the original source of this information, but the list that I got it from.]

SX "Re : Sexual Stimulation", posted on the Yahoo Groups Brainwave Generator message board by "R.Verhey" on 3/9/02. (He saw it in a patent on the 'IBM Server' and thinks it was meant to be generated as a 'magnetic pulse'.)

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/3315

TB Frequencies.. ["interesting, useful, and weird frequencies"], Terry Bastian [tbastian@dmv.com], from a message in the Keely Net BBS Archives posted in July of 1998 : http://www.keelynet.com/interact/Arc_7_98-12_98/00000221.htm

Again, the frequencies with this source listed are most likely intended to be generated through electromagnetic means, rather than through using sound.

TDM "Theta: Don’t Tread on Me", Marvin Sams Ph.D., R.EEG T, QEEGT, L. Ac. http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-3)4.html

TOS Table Of Sound Frequencies Corresponding To The Human Body, http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/4572/tableof.htm

The compiler doesn't name himself on the page, but he gives his references, which are : Les Plans d'Expression, Marie-Louise Aucher, Paris, Mame,
And : Revelatio Secretorum Artis, Ivo Salzinger, in Beati Raimundi Lulli Opera Omnia, Minerva, Mainz, 1975

TS Schumann Resonances, Geomagnetic Reversals, and Human Brain States, Tony Smith - web article at - http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/Schumann.html

VPL V. P. Lebedev (a Russian Researcher), studies from 1985-1990. (I got this source via M.Sandomirsky (marks@ufanet.ru) on the Brainwave Generator message board : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/2552

WL Wolfgang Ludwig

× Michael Hercules' Nustar

Electrical wave forms - "One of the benefits of working with electrical stimulation is the ability to generate precise and complex waveforms. It is likelythat specific waveforms have specific functions. Brain stimulation, frequencies and waveforms are a vast and promising field of experimentation for alchemists."

Mortal oscillatory frequencies of Rife radio instrument, see Super Science.

Radionic frequencies chart may be obtained from L'ORD Industries.

Zen Player and B. Giles personal notes

Brain Frequencies - Anecdotal Listing of Frequencies

"Dennis Webber"

Here is a copy of the listing I've acuminated over the course of a year and a half. Not all of the following frequencies/conditions have been verified by competent medical researchers. The references I have for each entry are shown at the end.

(This is the study of Neurotechnology; the field of mind-machine interface.)

-BASIC STATES-
0.75-4.50 Hz (Delta)
4.75-7.75 (Theta)
8.00-12.25 (Alpha)
12.50-15.00 (Sigma)
15.25-24.75 (Beta)
25.00-34.75 (Gamma1)
35.00-44.75 (Gamma 2)

FREQ. REMARKS
---- -------
0.1-3 Delta. Normally associated with a deep dreamless sleep, trance state, lucid dreaming, increased immune functions, hypnosis; and non-REM type of sleep
0.1-1 Organ+muscle resonances. (40)
0.1-3 Monroe Focus 21.
0.16-10 Neuralgias. (02)
0.18-10 Mod. therapy (02)
0.20-0.26 Dental pain. (02)
0.20-10 Post-traumatic. (02)
0.28-2.15 Alcohol addiction. (02)
0.28-10 Arthritis. (02)
0.30-0.15 Depression. (02)
0.30-10 Cervobrachial syndrome. (02)
0.37-2.15 Drug addiction. (02)
0.40-10 Confusion. (02)
0.45-10 Muscle pain. (02)
0.5-1.5 Pain relief, endorphins, better hypnosis (40)
0.5-4 Delta. Conducive to miracle type healing, divine knowledge, inner being and personal growth, rebirth, trauma recovery, "one with the universe experiences (samadhi), near death experience, characterized by "unknowing" merely a blissful "being" state such as deep sleep or coma. (18)
0.5 Very relaxing, against headache. (16)
0.5 For lower back pain. (01)
0.5 Thyroid, reproductive, excretory stimulant, whole brain toner (40)
0.9 Euphoria (40)
0.95-10 Whiplash. (02)
1-3 Delta: deep, dreamless sleep, trance state, non-REM sleep.
1-3 The last main pattern is that of delta waves, pulsations that range between 3 to 1-Hz. In this range of profound relaxation, images and dreams have largely subsided, as the person slides into a state of slow wave restorative sleep. Mediators who remain aware during this state of near unconsciousness report tranquillity and peace. (37)
1.0 Feeling of well-being, pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone; overall view of inter-relationships; harmony and balance (16)
1.05 For growth hormone production where intriguing reports of gray hair returning to its original color have been noted. (18)
1.45 Tri-thalamic entrainment format. According to Ronald de Strulle, creates entrainment between hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal. May benefit dyslexic’s and people with Alzheimer's. (20)
1.5 Abrams universal healing rate (40)
1.5 Less effect from symptoms. Those individuals whose ailments have manifested into the fourth stage of Chronic Fatigue, where some form of disease is apparent, experienced a release from the negative sensation of their symptoms when moved into 1.5-Hz. (25) (38)
1.5-2.5 Sleep.
2.15 - 10 Tendovaginatis (02)
2.5 16th harmonic of 40-Hz
2.5 Pain relief, relaxation (16)
2.5 Production of endogenous opiates (11)
2.7 15th harmonic of 40-Hz
2.9 14th harmonic of 40-Hz
3-4 Influences physical vision (40)
3.0-5.5 Theta 1 - When I first started doing Decrease training, I began with Decrease Theta at 4 to 8-Hz. Results were admittedly quite good, at least in regard to increasing SMR and Beta. When I read about Theta2, however, I realized that there could possibly be some interference with cognitive processing by decreasing Theta above 5.5-Hz As a result, I changed my primary Theta band to 3 to 6-Hz, calling it Thetal, and created a new secondary frequency band of 5.5 to 8-Hz, which became Theta2.
3.6 11th harmonic of 40-Hz
3-6 For eliciting unconscious childhood memories. (18)
3-6 Childhood awareness/vivid memories (40)
3-7 The Theta level is normally associated with recall, fantasy, imagery, creativity, inspiration, future planning, dreaming, switching thoughts, and drowsiness.
3-8 Theta - deep relaxation, meditation, increased memory, focus, creativity, lucid dreaming, Hypnagogic state.
3.0 Increased reaction time. (40)
3.1 13th harmonic of 40-Hz
3.3 12th harmonic of 40-Hz
3.4 Sound sleep.
3.5 Oneness, language learning, earth resonance (40)
3.5 Feeling of unity with everything, accelerated language retention (24)
3.5 Enhancement of receptivity (16)
4.5 Premature baby response time (latency). (41)
4-6 attitude and behavior change (17)
4-6 Out-of-body experiences. (40)
4-7 THETA Near sleep brain waves that are conducive to profound inner peace, "mystical truths", transforming unconsciously held limiting beliefs, physical and emotional healing, purpose of life exploration, a "live in quality" ... characterized by a "kind of knowing that feels like" inner wisdom, faith, meditation, some psychic abilities, and retrieving unconscious material (18)
4-7 Theta: recall, fantasy, imagery, creativity, planning, dreaming, switching thoughts, Zen meditation, drowsiness.
4-7 Meditation, Intuitive Augmentation.
4-7 Theta waves are associated with bursts of inspiration, creativity, twilight-sleep learning, deep relaxation, reverie, high levels of awareness, and vivid mental Imagery. They are Hypnopompic, and Hypnagogic (just before and just after sleep). Advanced Zen meditators can move from Alpha to Theta when in a trance as can biofeedback experts. Brain wave synchronization allows the user to reach these states without any special training or aptitude. (23)
4-8 Theta Found in states of deep relaxation, theta activity is also associated with bursts of creative insight, twilight ("sleep") learning and vivid mental imagery. It is also found in more advanced meditators. (37)
4-8 While this range is rather small, a difference of 1 or 2-Hz in this zone is very noticeable, as it is proportionately much larger than it would be in the beta or alpha range. This pattern is associated with deep unconscious imagery, and thus creativity, as the person drops into a state of drowsiness and near-sleep. (37)
4-8 THETA. Access to subconscious images, deep mediation, reduced Blood pressure, said to cure addictions. Theta seems to trigger the sudden reliving or vivid remembering of long-forgotten childhood memories. One explanation for this link between theta and childhood is that, while adults rarely produce theta, children are in a theta state most of the time--up to the age of six or beyond, children produce mostly theta waves, and then the amount of theta progressively decreases as the child grows into adulthood. In other words, children spend most of their time in what we adults would call a trance-like, altered state of consciousness, and one that is extremely open and receptive, highly conducive to the learning of new information and the creation of memories.
In recent years a large number of scientific studies have explored a phenomenon called "state bound" or "state dependent" learning. In essence, they have found that things experienced in one state (of consciousness) are far more easily remembered later when we are once again in that same state. Things learned when we're happy are remembered best when we're happy, what we learn when cold is remembered best when we're cold, and so on.
4-12 Skeletal muscle resonances. (40)
4.0 10th harmonic of 40-Hz
4.0 Associated with object naming, an important aspect of memory. (49)
4.0 Lowest frequency for brainwave entrainment. “However, when the stimulus is repeated continuously above 4-Hz, the brain begins to "resonate" with the stream of stimuli and the resultant brainwave response is of the same frequency as the stimuli.” (10)
4.0 According to Cavanagh (1972), Theta at 4-Hz corresponds to a full memory search. Theta, then, like Alpha, is a scanning frequency. Cavanagh began by compiling a number of studies dealing with different classes of stimuli (digits, colors, letters, words, geometrical shapes, random forms, and nonsense symbols). Each class of stimuli was found to have a characteristic reaction time. However, he found a constant of 243.2 ms when multiplying the reaction time for a single item by the maximum number of items in a given class. This indicated that each item class was scanned at a different speed, but that scanning of the full memory is always executed at a speed of 4-Hz.
4.0 Enkephalin’s; Extrasensory perception; Encephalin production (16)
4.0 Reduction in levels of exhaustion. Those who suffer from Chronic Fatigue exhaust very easily. When moved to 4-Hz these individuals showed marked improvement in the length of time between the occurrence of exhaustion after certain exercises were completed (25)(38)
4.5-6.5 Wakeful dreaming, vivid images (40)
4.4 9th harmonic of 40-Hz
4.5 Shamanic State of Consciousness.(39)
4.5 Tibetan Buddhist chants (39)
4.9 Theta brain wave.
4.9 Introspection. (40)
5-10 Relaxation.
5.0 8th harmonic of 40-Hz
5.0 Learning. (40)
5.0 Unusual problem solving (24)
5.0 In one study thirty patients experienced relaxation states of 80-100% after five minutes as well as improved pain relief. Eight patients had blood tests before and after the sessions and showed improved beta-endorphin levels of 10-50%.
5.3 Babies born full term response time (latency). (41)
5.5-8.0 Theta 2 (See Theta 1 - 3.0-5.5)
5.5 Knowingness, inner guidance. (40)
5.5 Moves beyond knowledge to knowing, shows vision of growth needed.
5.7 7th harmonic of 40-Hz
6.0-9.6 Somatic responses, tingling, pressure, heat. (40)
6-10 Creative Visualization - about 6-Hz for a while, then up to 10-Hz.
6.0 Long term memory stimulation (16)
6.26-6.6 Hemispheric de-sync, confusion, anxiety, low Reaction time, depression insomnia. (40)
6.2-6.7 Frontal Midline Theta (Fm Theta) is a specific EEG frequency seen in those subjects actively engaged in cognitive activity, such as solving math problems and playing Tetris (43)
6.3 Mental and astral projection; accelerated learning and increased memory retention.
6.5 Theta2 consists of trains (long runs) of rhythmic frontal activity centering at 6.5-Hz with amplitudes reaching the 50-100 uV (micro-volt) range. Theta2 is induced in some people by the performance of a mental task such as mental arithmetic, tracing a maze, counting the number of cubes piled in a three-dimensional representation, and imaging a scene. Because Theta2 is associated with mental tasks and its influence is seen in evoked potential latencies, Mizuki (1987) believes that the appearance of Theta2 closely
relates to mechanisms of attention or arousal. Theta2 is more common in extroverts with low traits of neurosis and anxiety.
6.7 6th harmonic of 40-Hz
7-8 A fascinating possibility is the harmonic association of 40-Hz activity and the Alpha/Theta Neurofeedback training for addictions. If the 40--Hz/sub-harmonics theory is correct, the objective in addictive work is to teach the brain to open the fifth sub-harmonic "gate" of 40-Hz (7-8-Hz). It may be that the addicted person can open 40-Hz's fourth Harmonic gate (Alpha) with the alcohol or drugs. But, whether it is an anomalous gene, aberrant EEG frequencies, inappropriate neurochemistry a neurochemical "lock out," or some other reason, the alcoholic is not able to open the fifth sub-harmonic 7 to 8-Hz gate. Instead of entering the Alpha/Theta state, the person sinks into the high-amplitude slow waves of profoundly lowered arousal (unconsciousness). Alpha/Theta Neurofeedback results in some 80% of those addicts properly trained becoming non-craving, having a mellow personality and significantly adjusted neurochemistry (Peninston & Kulkosky, 1990). Alpha/Theta training may be a process by which the previously closed fifth sub-harmonic gate (40-Hz divided by 5) can be opened and certain critical neurochemistry accessed.
7-13 The Alpha level is associated with a non-drowsy but relaxed, tranquil state of consciousness, primarily with pleasant inward awareness; body/mind integration.
7.0 Treatment for sleep disturbances (46)
7.0 Mental and astral projection; bending objects; psychic surgery.
7.0 Spiritual healing, telekinesis, mind projection, increased reaction time. (40)
7.5 Inter-awareness of self and purpose, guided meditation, creative thought for art, invention, music, etc.; contact with spirit guides for direction; entry into meditation (16)
7.5 At 7.5-Hz subjects who before suffered from confused thinking reported an ease at finding solutions to troublesome problems after a re-evaluation was conducted. (25)
7.5 Inter-awareness of self and purpose, guided meditation, creativity (16)
7.5 Solutions to problems. At 7.5 -Hz subjects who before suffered from confused thinking reported an ease at finding solutions to troublesome problems after a re-evaluation was conducted. (38)
7.5 Creativity, discovery of "purpose" in life, inward focus. (40)
7.7 Doyere's group (1993), found that short high frequency bursts at 7.7 Hz induced LTP in prefrontal cortex, though only for one day. (56)
7.8-8.0 Stimulates ESP, paranormal. (40)
7.83 Earth Resonance (06)
7.83 Grounding (24)
7.83 Schumann earth-ionosphere resonance, grounding, integration anti-jetlag, anti-mind control, improved stress tolerance. (40)
7.83 (Earth resonance frequency) leaves you feeling revitalized like you've spent a day in the country. (18)
8-8.6 Reduced stress/anxiety. (40)
8-10 Alpha - Rapid Refreshment in 15 minutes.
8-10 learning new information (17)
8-12 ALPHA Slower brain waves that are conducive to creative problem solving, accelerated learning, mood elevation, stress reduction, etc., characterized by intuitive insights, creative "juice", inspiration, motivation, daydreams etc. Relaxed, yet alert (18)
8-12 light relaxation, "super learning", positive thinking.
8-12 Alpha waves are smooth, regular electrical oscillations in the human brain that occur when a person is awake and relaxed or entering into the meditative state. Associated with calm, relaxed, unfocused (not concentrating), lucid mental states, dream sleep, and pleasant drifting feelings or emotions. Persons who imagine vivid visual Images have fewer Alpha waves, and Non-visualizers (those whose
preferences are tactile, aural, olfactoral, and simple visualizations) have stronger alpha waves. (23)
8-13 Alpha. Relaxation, tranquillity, feeling fine, receptivity, amplifies dowsing, empty-mind states, detachment, daydreams, mind/body integration, epileptic seizures. (40)
8-13 Relaxed, tranquil and non-drowsy, inward awareness, body mind
8-14 Qi Gong and infrasonic Qi Gong machine (28)
8.0 5th harmonic of 40-Hz
8.0 Past life regression (24)
8.0 Past life regression, more lymphocytes, DNA repair (50)
8.3 Pick up visual images of mental objects
8.3 Mental imagery, clairvoyance (40)
8.3 Monroe Focus 12.
8.6-9.8 Induces sleep, tingling sensations. (40)
9,11,16 documented calcium ion migration (brain tissue). (40)
9-13 Alpha is relaxed, not thinking about anything in particular, sometimes a pleasurable feeling of "floating". Often dominant in certain kinds of meditation, alpha waves have for the past twenty years been associated with calm, lucid mental states (the "alpha state"). They are also often detected during dream sleep. (37)
9-13 This pattern typically occurs in daydreaming, relaxed awareness, guided or focused imagery and smoothly rhythmic athletic activity. There is often a euphoric, effortless feeling of "flow" as the doer is absorbed in activity, and subject and object are felt to be united. (37)
9.0 Awareness of causes of body imbalance and means for balance (24)
9.41 Pyramid frequency (outside)
9.5-10 The peak frequency of Alpha in most people is in the 9.5 to 10-Hz range, a fourth sub-harmonic of 40-Hz. Eccles and Walter (1950) both agree that Alpha is the brain's scanning mechanism. In light of logic and current neurophysiological information, this makes sense. For example, when theeyes are closed and the visual centers in the occipital and parietal regions are deprived of visual stimuli, Alpha amplitude in the posterior head regions usually increases dramatically. Furthermore, Galin and Omstein (1972) found Alpha magnitude decreases over the hemisphere of the brain that is under task. Alpha rhythm, then, appears to be only indirectly involved in the brain's attentional mechanism. Alpha is the brain's scanning (idling) frequency, denoting a brain "standing by," waiting to give way to Beta should attention be required, or to be the bridge, the gate, to Theta and Delta for drowsiness, sleep, and certain cognitive challenges. Alpha is therefore an important cerebral rhythm, perhaps being mathematically a resonant piece of the 40-Hz Grand Conductor's ensemble of frequencies.
9.6 Mean dominant frequency associated with the earth's magnetic field (11)
9.8-10.6 Alertness. (40)
10+18 Significant improvements in memory, reading and spelling are reported (30)
10 4th harmonic of 40-Hz.
10 A harmonic frequency of 10-Hz was found to suppress EEG theta. Comparisons with control sounds of pink noise and pink noise with a sub-threshold 300-Hz tone indicated that the 10-Hz harmonic sub-threshold blends suppressed EEG theta to a considerably greater extent than did control sounds. Subthreshold tones have different windows of effectiveness for males and females (Swingle, 1992). Males are more influenced by SPL in the range of -15dB(C) whereas females respond more to SPL in the range of -25 dB(C). With children this distinction is less clear and in practice I recommend that the -25 dB(C) SPL side be used for both male and female children. (46)
10 Treatment for Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (47)
10 Treatment for closed head injury (48)
10 Dominant alpha frequency, clarity, normalcy, anti-convulsant circadian rhythm resync, activate kidneys, raise body temp, more serotonin. (40)
10 Berger rhythm (07)
10 Enhanced release of serotonin and mood elevator, universally beneficial, use to try effects of other mixes (16)
10 Acts as an analgesic, safest frequency, especially for hangover and jet lag. (11)
10 Meg Patterson used for nicotine withdrawal (15)
10 For learning a foreign language fast, (18)
10 In a study using 20 minute sessions of 10-Hz photic stimulation, it was found that the daytime level of melatonin decreased and increases in the levels of endorphin, serotonin and norepinephrine. Shealy's group suggested that an increase in beta endorphins is associated with a sense of well being and decreased pain. The increase in norepinephrine and serotonin and the decrease in melatonin suggest an increase in the level of alertness. (35)
10 increases in neurochemical levels: 11% increase in Norepinephrine levels, 21% increase in Serotonin levels, 25% increase in Beta-Endorphin levels
10.2 Catecholamines
10.5 Relaxed alertness, contemplation, body healing, mind over matter. (40)
10.5 Healing of body, mind/body unity, fire walking (24)
10.5 Potent stabilizer and stimulating for the immunity, valuable in convalescence. (16)
10.5 For specifically lowering blood pressure (18)
10.5 Baseline of Alpha production: Alpha production is defined as the ratio of the 10.5-Hz to the entire measured EEG spectrum. (03)
10.6 Relaxed and alert
<11 be =" 19.6" that =" 19.6-Hz">

------------------------------------
Transcendental Meditation. Another interesting mathematical correlation with 40-Hz is the EEG during meditation. Banquet (1973) found 20- and 40--Hz EEG changes in advanced Transcendental Meditators during the third stage of meditation (considered to be deep meditation or "transcendence"). The EEG was characterized by a dominant Beta rhythm at 20-Hz. In summary, when the body is profoundly relaxed and the mind is in a state of high focus and concentration, 20- and 40--Hz brain activity can be seen in the raw and quantitative EEG of some subjects. It is possible that 18-22-Hz Beta and possibly 40--Hz neurofeedback training may help create a "relaxed body/focused mind" state of consciousness.
Immediate Relaxation and Stress Relief. Choose between 5 to 10-Hz for different levels of relaxation. (51)

Meditation. Choose between 4 to 7-Hz, either cycle between a few, or stay at a particular frequency for different results. (51)

Induce Sleep. Choose between 4 to 6-Hz for starters, then go into frequencies below 3.5-Hz, settling on about 1.5 to 2.5-Hz for sleep. (51)

Improved Sleeping Patterns. Any of the Alpha and Theta frequencies (8 to 4-Hz) for 30-45 minute sessions. (51)

Treatment of Insomnia. Choose between 4 to 6-Hz for starters (1/2 hour), then go into frequencies below 3.5-Hz (½ hour), settling on about 1.5 to 2.5-Hz for sleep. (51)

Improved and Lasting Sense of Well Being. Try Theta (4 to 7-Hz) for 45 minutes, daily. (51)

Creative Visualization. About 6-Hz for a while, then up to 10-Hz works well. (51)

Stress Reduction. Any use of frequencies below 11-Hz will reduce stress. (51)

Alleviation of Migraines and Headaches. Experiment with Alpha and Theta combinations. (51)

Reduction of Depression Symptoms. Again, Alpha and Theta combinations, mostly theta. (51)

Self Hypnosis. Choose about 8 to 10-Hz while playing any self-hypnosis tape, or guided meditation. (51)

Super Learning. Choose about 7 to 9-Hz while playing any learning tapes, like foreign language tapes, etc. to increase comprehension. Listen during study of written material. (51)

Subliminal Programming. Choose 5 to 7-Hz while playing your favorite subliminal tapes, or make your own by recording some affirmations, and mix paste them from the clipboard at barely audible volumes. (51)

Improve ESP / Intuition. Theta frequencies help in this area, 4 to 7-Hz. (51)

Reaching Higher States of Consciousness. Theta again, with daily half hour sessions. (51)

Quick Refresher on long days. Low Alpha 8 to 10-Hz for about 15 minutes works well. (51)

Increased Immune System. Relaxing to Alpha and Theta combinations daily. Using Alpha Synchronization (8 to 12-Hz), expect similar increases in neurochemical levels: 11% increase in Norepinephrine levels, 21% increase in Serotonin levels, 25% increase in Beta-Endorphin levels. (51)

I.Q. increases. In a controlled study, (Dr. Siegried) Othmer has found that beta training (13 to 40 Hz) produces average IQ increases of 23 percent. In cases where the starting IQ value was lower than 100, the average IQ increase was 33 points. Othmer has also found dramatic improvements in visual retention and auditory memory, and the subjects showed major gains in reading and arithmetic. In a one-year follow-up study, the trainees showed major improvements in self-esteem and concentration and significant improvements in such areas as handwriting, school grades, sleep, irritability, organization, hyperactivity, verbal expression, and headaches...Amazingly the improvements seem to be permanent. (52)

Food Supplement. To my joy, I found a combination of dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), a nutrient found in seafood, and binaural-beat signals worked well to offset my learning disabilities.

Biochemical processes linked by frequencies. All of the biochemical processes of the body are linked by frequency relationships as elucidated by Ms. Edwards. One elegant example is the frequency relationship between two of the minerals that are primary constituents of bone: if you combine the frequencies for each, the combined frequency is the frequency of the amino acid with binds the two into bone! http://pweb.na2k.net/lifespirit/bionutrit.htm

Effect of latency on aging. Also in 1959, Robert Ellingson, PhD, of the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute, examined the effects of photic stimulation on 700 babies. In his study, he placed a strobe light ten inches from the babies' faces. He noted that premature babies had response times (latencies) as long as 220 milliseconds (msec). Babies born at term had latencies of about 190 msec. These fell to nearly 100 msec by 15 weeks of age with very little change into adulthood. The amplitude of the evoked response in the babies was best when their eyes were closed and probably sleeping. http://www.comptronic.com/history.htm

Alcohol or drug addiction and the Alpha/Theta border. If the 40-Hz / subharmonics theory is correct, the objective in addictive work, is to teach the brain to open the fifth subharmonic "gate" of 40-Hz (7 to 8-Hz). It appears that the addicted person can open 40-Hz's fourth Harmonic gate (Alpha) with the alcohol or drugs, but, for some reason the alcoholic is not able to open the fifth subharmonic 7 to 8-Hz gate and sinks into the high-amplitude slow waves of profoundly lowered arousal (unconsciousness.) Alpha/Theta training may be a process by which the previously closed fifth subharmonic gate (40-Hz divided by 5) can be opened and certain critical neurochemistry accessed and results in some 80% of those addicts properly trained becoming non-craving, having a mellow personality and significantly adjusted neurochemistry (Peninston & Kulkosky, 1990).

Meditation. Another interesting mathematical correlation with 40-Hz is the EEG during meditation. Banquet (1973) found 20 and 40-Hz EEG changes in advanced Transcendental Meditators during the third stage of meditation (considered to be deep meditation or "transcendence").

Das and Gastaut (1955), recording from seven trained Yogis, reported high amplitude levels of 40-Hz activity during the Samadi state, which is the final, most intense concentration state in this form of meditation. Pollini and Peper (1976) reported Beta activity at 18 To 20-Hz in subjects during meditation. In summary, when the body is profoundly relaxed and the mind is in a state of high focus and concentration, 20 and 40-Hz brain activity can be seen in the raw and quantitative EEG of some subjects. It is possible that 18 to 22-Hz Beta and possibly 40-Hz Neurofeedback training may help create a "relaxed body/focused mind" state of consciousness.

Sleep disturbances. The sound was a single sinusoidal tone that modulated between 285-Hz and 315-Hz at about 7 cycles per minute. We have found that a subliminal recording of this tone is clinically useful for some patients with sleep disturbances.

Male and female Sound Pressure Levels. Two equal amplitude sinusoidal tones with frequency differences of 2 -Hz, 5 -Hz, 8 -Hz, 10 -Hz, 15 -Hz, and 25 -Hz were embedded in pink noise at Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) of -17 dB(C) and -25 dB(C); which correspond to the effective subliminal ranges for males and females, respectively (Swingle, 1992).

Out-of-the-body experience. It was interesting to note the highest amplitude beta was at 40 and 22-Hz. These numbers resonate with some of the unpublished work done by Dr. Edgar Wilson and students of the Monroe Institute who were attempting to have an out-of-the-body experience. He found that as the students moved out-of-the-body, their beta activity increased dramatically at T3 and/or T4 with the highest amplitudes appearing at 22 and 40-Hz. Dr . Steven Fahrion presented a paper a couple of years ago concerning his work with healers and reported much the same results. Perhaps these papers will be published at some future date. (44)

PMS. An EEG study of six women with PMS demonstrated that, when they were premenstrual, their EEG’s showed more slow (delta) activity and slower P300 evoked response than when they were mid-cycle. It is concluded that PMS belongs to a group of disorders characterized by excessive slow brainwave activity. In a treatment for PMS, seventeen women with PMS treated themselves with a take-home flashing light device for 15 to 20 minutes per day throughout their cycle, using frequencies of 18-Hz and 10-Hz alternating for two minute periods. Thirteen of the seventeen experienced a greater than 50% reduction in their symptoms. It is concluded that photic stimulation is an effective treatment for PMS. (53)

Treatment of Chronic Anxiety Disorder with Neurotherapy. In November, 1991 we introduced the patient to EEG feedback training, to relax and remove tension. The original protocol was to increase alpha (8 to 12-Hz) and decrease beta (16 to 20 -Hz). Initial baseline readings showed that the patient's dominant brain wave frequency was already alpha (amplitude greater than 35-Hz). Following 15 sessions of slow wave inhibit/fast wave increase EEG feedback training, the patient reported a significant reduction in anxiety-related symptoms. At a three-year follow-up, results of an MMPI-2 showed all clinical scales within normal range. In addition, self-reports confirmed that the patient was symptom free. (54)

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). This study revealed CFS EEG microvolt levels were significantly higher in the 5 to 7-Hz range in both conditions and were significantly lower in the 9 to 11-Hz range. This display of excess theta is assumed to reflect the cognitive difficulties associated with CFS. The increased microvolt levels found in the lower frequencies in CFS subjects may be indicative of deficits in information processing speed, psychomotor activity, attention, retrieval of information from semantic memory, and logical reasoning, and the metabolism of the cerebral cortex found in earlier studies between CFS patients and other disorders (DeLuca et al., 1995; Johnson et al., 1994; Krupp et al., 1994; Ray et al., 1993; Schwartz et al., 1994; Smith et al., 1993). (55)

Autism. Frankie has received 31 sessions of training in which he has been rewarded for raising his SMR (12 to 15-Hz) and decreasing theta (4 to 8-Hz) activity at various brain loci on the sensory-motor strip and parietal lobe. The behavioral changes and the brain wave changes in this 8-year-old autistic boy are viewed as a positive outcome of Neurotherapy. These results are suggestive that Neurotherapy can be an effective treatment for some of the symptoms of mild autism. (42)

Sources:
----------------------------------
(01) AlphaStim (research survey)
(02) Auriculotherapy device information from Bentek Corp. Earlobe type electrodes are specified for some conditions, TENSor ECG type electrodes for others. Device has two channels, indicated for each ailment.
(03) Blundell, undated; Cade & Coxhead, 1979
(04) Barbara Hero
(05) Research With Sine Sounds (1982-1988), Barbara Hero
(06) Beck
(07) Hans Berger, German psychiatrist, 1929
(08) Compleat Astrologer, Derek & Julia Parker for slower physiological rhythms.
(09) "The Rediscovery of Light and Sound Stimulation" by Dave Siever, C.E.T. , copyright 1997
(10) psycho physiologist Daniel Sheer
(11) Octaves and windows, Equinox, April 88
(12) Giannitrapani (1969)
(13) Hans Cuosto, Cosmic Octave, Life Rhythm
(14) Hercules - a researcher
(15) Megabrain Report #3, p. 19
(16) Megabrain Germany
(17) Mind Expanding Machines: Can the GP Do for the Brain What Nautilus Does for the Body?, by Michael Hutchison, New Age Journal July/Aug 87 Graham potentializer not in production.
(18) "Playing With Your Mind by Patricia Chamberlin" (From Unlimited Human magazine, March '93)
(19) Chant: The Healing Power of Voice and Ear, an interview with Alfred Tomatis, M.D., by Tim Wilson, in Music: Physician for Times to Come, an anthology by Don Campbell
(20) Sonic Entrainment, by Jonathan S. Goldman, in Music: Physician for Times to Come, an anthology by Don Campbell
(21) Megabrain Report Vol 1 #2
(22) Health & Science Section, New Mexican, April 7, 1995
(23) Neurosync software
(24) Michael Hercules' Nustar
(25) Source: New York Times Science Section 1989
(26) Power of Limits (see Accords chart) for colors and notes.
(27) Professional discussions of neurophysiology - http://www.neurophys.com/discussion/CNL/msg00051.html
(28) China Healthways Institute
(29) Robert Becker, MD quoted in the book "Cross Currents" by Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc., Los Angeles, 1990 http://www.nexusmagazine.com/DecloakingPathogens.html
(30) Russell and Carter in a blind study
(31) Astral Travel with Orgone Energy Machine, Ray A. Proper, Fry's Incredible Inquiry
(32) Primordial Tones: Meditation on the Archetypal Energies of Celestial Bodies, Joachim-Ernst Berendt, ReVision, Summer 1987 for planets.
(33) Rowland (1968)
(34) Sharry Edwards, BioAcoustic Researcher, Sound Health Research Institute http://www.lifespirit.org/shri11.html
(35) Norman Shealy and colleagues at the Shealy Institute
(36) Wolfgang Ludwig
(37) Voyager XL User Guide ©1993 Theta Technologies.
(38) National Research Center for Chronic Fatigue in Denver, Colorado.
(39) Researcher Melinda Maxfield
(40) Mind-L (found at: http://silent.home.mindspring.com)
(41) Robert Ellingson, PhD, Nebraska Psychiatric Institute, 1959
(42) "Positive Outcome With Neurofeedback Treatment In a Case of Mild Autism", Arthur G. Sichel, Lester G. Fehmi, and David M. Goldstein
http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(1-1)8.html
(43) "Theta: Don’t Tread on Me", Marvin Sams Ph.D., R.EEG T, QEEGT, L. Ac. http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-3)4.html
(44) An unpublished work done by Dr. Edgar Wilson and students of the Monroe Institute who were attempting to have an out-of-the-body experience. He found that as the students moved out-of-the-body, their beta activity increased dramatically at T3 and/or T4 with the highest amplitudes appearing at 22 and 40 -Hz. (John F. Gilbert, Ph.D. and Robert Moroney, D.A., CPPS.) http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-1)5.html
(45) Dr. Steven Fahrion presented a paper a couple of years ago concerning his work with healers and reported much the same results. Perhaps these papers will be published at some future date. (John F. Gilbert, Ph.D. and Robert Moroney, D.A., CPPS.) http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-1)5.html
(46) "Sub-threshold 10--Hz Sound Suppresses EEG Theta: Clinical Application for the Potentiation of Neurotherapeutic Treatment of ADD/ADHD", Paul G. Swingle, Ph.D., C. Psych. http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-1)3.html
(47) ADD/ADHD; Lubar, 1991.
(48) Hoffman, Stockdale, Hicks, & Schwaninger, 1995.
(49) Theta: Don’t Tread on Me. Marvin Sams Ph.D., R.EEG T, QEEGT, L. Ac. http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-3)4.html
(50) RAD-6 (?)
(51) Intelegen Inc., http://web-us.com/uses.htm
(52) Hutchison, 1994, p. 360-361 "Mega Brain Power", New York: Hyperion.
(53) "PMS, EEG, and Photic Stimulation", David Noton, PhD, http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-2)2.html
(54) "Treatment of Chronic Anxiety Disorder with Neurotherapy: A Case Study", Joseph E. Thomas, Ph.D. and Elizabeth Sattlberger, B.A. http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-2)3.html
(55) EEG Patterns and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Katherine M. Billiot, M.A., Thomas H. Budzynski, Ph.D., and Frank Andrasik, Ph.D.
http://www.snr-jnt.org/JournalNT/JNT(2-2)4.html
(56)"Gates, States, Rhythms, and Resonances: The Scientific Basis of Neurofeedback Training", Andrew Abarbanel, Ph.D., M.D.
(57) http://www.omlogos.com/energycharts.htm
(58) Acoustical Resonances of Assorted Ancient Structures, R. G. Jahn, P. Devereux, and M. Ibison (1996) "Rudimentary acoustical measurements performed inside six diverse Neolithic structures revealed that each sustained a strong resonance at a frequency between 95 and
120 Hz. Despite major differences in chamber shapes and sizes, the resonant modal patterns all featured strong antinodes at the outer walls, with appropriately configured nodes and antinodes interspersed toward the central source. In some cases, interior and exterior rock drawings resembled these acoustical patterns. Since the resonant frequencies are well within the adult male voice range, one may speculate that some forms of human chanting, enhanced by the cavity resonance, were invoked for ritual purposes."
http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/Order_29.html

Attitudes to Death and a Person's Beliefs

2009-01-14T09:02:00.003Z

I am conscious of not having posted for a while and on my trawls around the net just came across these two articles about attitudes to death and religious beliefs.

Understanding Death Through Religion

Studies of Death and Religion

Both are introductory, and the writer seems to be a graduate student so published these on the net as essays she probably wrote for her course. The first of the two is particularly useful as right at the bottom of the page are some references to research and literature.

It is often assumed that one of the reasons for the emergence of religions and religious beliefs is that they aim to answer ultimate questions of existence, origins, life and death. After a casual read, this view may have to be looked at more carefully as the data so far seems to be conflicting. Although religious belief seems to lower the anxiety associated with thoughts of one's own demise, this also seems to depend on what kind of beliefs one holds. Those who hold apocalyptic visions of brimstone and fire or the threat of eternal damnation seem less comforted by such beliefs - not exactly surprising given the possibility of eternal hell.

I think a lot more research is needed, especially looking more closely at people's experiences and overall philosophy rather than tagging everyone with a religious (or non-religious) label. I suspect experiences may be more important than which denomination one belongs to. For example, people with near-death experiences or other altered states seem likely to be less fearful of death. I myself have had some close experiences with death and found it to be a state of calm equipoise without fear - a kind of base consciousness often described in Buddhist literature. Only when the rational mind kicked in did I start to wonder what was going on - still not fearful, just puzzled. Dare I say, I have no great fear of dying. If it ends up being a transition to something else, then that transition need not be unpleasant - if it is the final full-stop at the end of the book then we can close the covers without fear.

Scholarpedia open access scholarship

2008-12-03T22:35:00.000Z

Welcome to Scholarpedia, the peer-reviewed open-access encyclopedia written by scholars from all around the world.

Scholarpedia feels and looks like Wikipedia -- the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Indeed, both are powered by the same program -- MediaWiki. Both allow visitors to review and modify articles simply by clicking on the edit this article link.

However, Scholarpedia differs from Wikipedia in some very important ways:

Each article is written by an expert (elected by the public or invited by Scholarpedia editors).
Each article is anonymously peer reviewed to ensure accurate and reliable information.
Each article has a curator -- typically its author -- who is responsible for its content.
Any modification of the article needs to be approved by the curator before it appears in the final, approved version.

Herein also lies the greatest difference between Scholarpedia and traditional print media: although the initial authorship and review are similar to a print journal so that Scholarpedia articles could be cited, articles are not frozen and outdated, but dynamic, subject to an ongoing process of improvement moderated by their curators. This allows Scholarpedia to be up-to-date, yet maintain the highest quality of content.

The approach of Scholarpedia does not compete with, but rather complements, that of Wikipedia: instead of covering a broad range of topics, Scholarpedia covers a few narrow fields, but does that exhaustively.

Currently, Scholarpedia hosts Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, Encyclopedia of Dynamical Systems, Encyclopedia of Computational Intelligence, and Encyclopedia of Astrophysics. There has also been added the Encyclopedia of Cognitive Neuroscience.

Compassion and Choices

2008-11-22T01:30:00.002Z

Compassion & Choices is a nonprofit organization working to improve care and expand choice at the end of life. As a national organization with over 60 local groups, affiliates and chapters, and 30,000 members, we help patients and their loved ones face the end of life with calming facts and choices of action during a difficult time. We also aggressively pursue legal reform to promote pain care, put teeth in advance directives and legalize physician aid in dying.

News and Resources

2008-11-01T10:02:00.004Z

News and Articles

Internationalists Calling for ‘Bretton Woods II’. Key meeting on 15 November 2008

The Semiotic Deception of September 11th

The Sudden & Convenient Death of Joerg Haider

Resources

Illuminati Conspiracy Archives News and articles on the encroaching NWO.

American Free Press. Describes itself as America's last Real Newspaper.

1971 HIV-AIDS US Special Virus Program. Proof that HIV was manufactured.

The Origin of AIDS. Interesting articles on the discoveries that HIV was developed from hepatitis B experiments. The most compelling evidence is that the "vaccines" distributed in Africa and to New York gays matches exactly the locations where HIV was first discovered.

Predictive Programming in Movies. Interesting collection of essays on how many sci-fi and futurist movies are used to psychologically program the populationto appropriate reactions to future real world events.

Overcoming Fear

2008-11-01T08:46:00.002Z

Creating a new blog is a transformational process. The very act of posting, whether news links, resources or editorial, leads to a process of selection but also creates conceptual links between what otherwise would seem random disconnected pieces of information.

This is not a news agency with the imperative to be first with breaking news. It is not even, as yet, wholly a news aggregator trawling the news feeds for specific topics. The news and resources posts are not meant to be exhaustive, but rather the starting points for further investigations. The thing that is, I think, most important is bringing the whole lot together in the editorials.

There are many websites on conspiracy theories, on the covert controls that are slowly but surely taking over the whole planet, on political, religious and military enslavement of bodies and minds. But is living in a state of informed fear any better than living in ignorant fear? The former lives in fear because of the propaganda, the latter in fear of the creators of the same propaganda. If one is justified and the other manufactured they are still both bad for our health and well-being.

The propaganda machines of this world are huge, well funded and ultimately backed by physical force. You may live in a democracy which makes token nods to freedom, but just try investigating anything in depth and you will soon discover the iron fist within the velvet glove. That is likely to be terminally bad for your health.

Nietzsche wrote that the measure of a human is how much truth they can bear. This may seem like a never-ending task but I don't think Nietzsche was talking about becoming an encyclopedia. He was talking about overcoming one's self, overcoming one's fears and prejudices, un-knotting that tangled mess of beliefs we hold in our minds. Those knots may appear to us to be what is holding us together, what makes us individuals, but they are what binds us to a prison of our own making.

Before seeking to right the wrongs in the world, it is worth becoming truly independent. Then, if it still seems like a good idea, you can change the world without fear being the driving force. Before I am misunderstood, this is not a plea for pacifism but rather a call to be stronger than the prison guards.

News and Resources

2008-10-31T13:39:00.002Z

News

The Vatican: Guidelines to Stem Sex Abuse by Priests

Illinois: Ex-Priest Guilty of Sex Abuse

Jesuit School Sheltered Molesters, Groups Say

Vatican-Israel Tensions Rise Over Pius. Interesting that even the Vatican should fear repercussions from jewish groups as arguments rage over the potential beautification of Pius XII.

Exploring Religion, Shaped by the Enlightenment

Resources

Bishop Accountability. Documenting the abuse crisis in the Roman Catholic Church.

News and Resources

2008-10-28T10:00:00.003Z

News

ARE YOU LIVING IN THE CONSTITUTION FREE ZONE?

Fact Sheet on U.S. "Constitution Free Zone"

CFI Issues Statement on Religious Discrimination Exemption.

Resources

American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU, Because Freedom Can't Protect Itself.

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) encourages the critical investigation of paranormal and fringe-science claims from a responsible, scientific point of view and disseminates factual information about the results of such inquiries to the scientific community and the public.

Center For Inquiry. We are here to promote the scientific outlook, to expand the methods and values of science into all areas of human endeavor.

News and Resources

2008-10-27T07:32:00.004Z

News

More Needy Are Turning To Clergy for Funds, Faith
Time for churches to give back the money that parishioners previously donated.

Crystal Cathedral's Hour of Power Unplugs Son
The politics of prayer meets family values.

5 Myths About Values Voters

Obama Tax Calculator at TaxCutFacts.org Launched

Is Google Making Us Stupid?

Resources

Annenberg Political Fact Check. A website dedicated to righting the wrongs and straightening the spins of politicians. From the Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania.

The Atlantic. Think Again.

News and Resources

2008-10-15T08:11:00.003+01:00

Recent News

Not so fast, Christian soldiers. The Pentagon has a disturbing relationship with private evangelical groups.

Pentagon Sued Over Mandatory Christianity.

Apparently, terrorism pays. It pays very well.

Resources

Newsmeat - American Campaign Donor and Political Contributions Search Engine.

Military Religious Freedom Foundation (USA)

News and Resources

2008-10-14T08:22:00.003+01:00

Recent News

Pope creates 4 new saints, including Indian woman

Weak dollar sends Vatican into the red

How tall is God?

Maybe We Should Blame God for the Subprime Mess Prosperity Gospel didn't preach sermons about bankruptcy.

US Bank Failures Sit at 13 and Counting A fairly level-headed view of the current crisis and highlights the extraordinary powers the Fed is accumulating for itself. Yesterday's nearly 1,000 point rally in the Dow seems to have financed by selling off commodities. Because of the amount of wealth destruction there also seems to be a shortage of working dollars. I think the next leg down will be when the US Dollar finally gets seriously hit, with possibly the Euro and Sterling dragged down.

London's Gathering Storm

Angry about economy? Smash some plates and move on

Will Europe's Bank Bailout Plan Really Work? Nationalisation of banks is nothing new but means taxpayers will now be backing the liabilities.

Britain Sets Details of Huge Bank-Bailout Plan The only thing here that will help the average person is that the Treasury can now set the rules for these banks to renegotiate mortgages.

US to Pump $250 billion into Banks

The Financial Crisis: What Would the Talmud Do?

Resources

The Federal Reserve Discount Window & Payments System Risk Website. You can find Federal Reserve interest rates, including the Discount or Primary and Secondary lending Rate, Seasonal lending Rate and the Federal Funds Target on this website. Documentation for setting up borrowing arrangements with the Federal Reserve Bank in your district is also included on this page.

The United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) is a partnership between the Department of Homeland Security and the public and private sectors. Established in 2003 to protect the nation's Internet infrastructure, US-CERT coordinates defense against and responses to cyber attacks across the nation.

Recent saints and blessed created by the Catholic Church. Vatican website.

Dominus Iesus. Controversial piece of Catholic dogma that also highlighted what they really think of other religions, citing non-Christians as "seriously deficient" and even Christian non-Catholics as defects compared to the purity of the Vatican's metaphysical fantasy.

Ketupa.net The 680-plus pages currently provide a short history, an annotated bibliography, a description of major holdings and a detailed chronology for around 450 media groups. Those groups include broadcasters, newspaper and magazine publishers, recording companies, film/video producers and distributers, and academic/technical publishers. There are also profiles about the ten largest global advertising groups, along with information about investment funds with substantial media interests. There is a broader timeline covering media activity since 1712.

British Bankers' Association. How LIBOR interest rates are fixed every business day.

More news and resources links may follow throughout the day.

AAKOM

2008-10-12T09:12:00.001+01:00

I have swapped around the focus of this blog, Aakom, and my other one Asylum Joy.

I have rather neglected Aakom, but back now!

Will fill in this introduction later...

===

This blog is dedicated to spinning the news through my own personal distorting lens. With the slow death of broadcast media there is actually more news out there rather than less. Actually, all that is happening is that people have access to a stream of consciousness news services previously only accessible to the news outlets. Those established media companies would select, package and spin the raw news for public consumption, thereby creating a world through their own distorting lens. Now, anybody can do so.

I am not a robot - at least I haven't been programmed to believe so. The news items selected will likely be random and there will be things I miss out. Anybody who feels the need to educate myself and any readers is most welcome to leave a comment highlighting any omissions. There will, however, be themes emerging. I will leave it to the future to see if these change or metamorphose into something else. But at the start the real focus is on news that distorts reality. News that is designed and disseminated as very thinly veiled propaganda, usually in the fields of politics, economics, science and religion. Other items are there simply as convenient targets for some sarcastic comments - I make no apologies for them as humour is important, even if dark and mirthless.

The truth may be out there, but it will probably get you killed. The point is to perceive the outline and to smell the systems of control being slowly put into place for our protection. History may well see this period of relative freedoms, relative democracies, relative prosperity and education as a mere interregnum between monarchies, dictatorships and corporate collectivism. A world of ideological patsies and imaginary threats seems designed to put us all back in our place. However, the sheer chaos of this moment also gives rise to oases of peace and reflection. They too may be temporary but best to take advantage of their existence.

You will also find articles and news at Asylum Joy. I'm not yet clear on the distinction between Aakom and Asylum Joy; most probably they will grow up to be exoteric and esoteric twins. Every journey requires a faltering first step.

RM